以太坊运行原理（以太坊项目开发）

├─accounts                  账号相关├─build                     编译生成的程序├─cmd                       geth程序主体├─common                    工具函数库├─consensus                 共识算法├─console                   交互式命令├─contracts                 合约相关            ├─core                      以太坊核心部分├─crypto                    加密函数库   ├─docs                      说明文档├─eth                       以太坊协议├─ethclient                 以太坊RPC客户端├─ethdb                     底层存储├─ethstats                  统计报告├─event                     事件处理├─graphql                   ├─internal                  RPC调用├─les                       轻量级子协议├─light                     轻客户端部分功能├─log                       日志模块├─metrics                   服务监控相关├─miner                     挖矿相关├─mobile                    Geth的移动端API├─node                      接口节点├─p2p                       p2p网络协议 ├─params                    一些预设参数值├─rlp                       RLP系列化格式├─rpc                       RPC接口├─signer                    签名相关├─swarm                     分布式存储├─tests                     以太坊JSON测试└─trie                      Merkle Patricia实现

// geth is the main entry point into the system if no special subcommand is ran.// It creates a default node based on the command line arguments and runs it in// blocking mode, waiting for it to be shut down.func geth(ctx *cli.Context) error {  if args := ctx.Args(); len(args) > 0 {    return fmt.Errorf(\\\"invalid command: %q\\\", args[0])  }
  prepare(ctx)  stack, backend := makeFullNode(ctx)  defer stack.Close()
  startNode(ctx, stack, backend)  stack.Wait()  return nil}

// prepare manipulates memory cache allowance and setups metric system.// This function should be called before launching devp2p stack.func prepare(ctx *cli.Context) {  // If we\\\'re running a known preset, log it for convenience.  switch {  case ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.RopstenFlag.Name):    log.Info(\\\"Starting Geth on Ropsten testnet...\\\")
  case ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.RinkebyFlag.Name):    log.Info(\\\"Starting Geth on Rinkeby testnet...\\\")
  case ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.GoerliFlag.Name):    log.Info(\\\"Starting Geth on G?rli testnet...\\\")
  case ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.YoloV3Flag.Name):    log.Info(\\\"Starting Geth on YOLOv3 testnet...\\\")
  case ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name):    log.Info(\\\"Starting Geth in ephemeral dev mode...\\\")
  case !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.NetworkIdFlag.Name):    log.Info(\\\"Starting Geth on Ethereum mainnet...\\\")  }  // If we\\\'re a full node on mainnet without --cache specified, bump default cache allowance  if ctx.GlobalString(utils.SyncModeFlag.Name) != \\\"light\\\" && !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.CacheFlag.Name) && !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.NetworkIdFlag.Name) {    // Make sure we\\\'re not on any supported preconfigured testnet either    if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.RopstenFlag.Name) && !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.RinkebyFlag.Name) && !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.GoerliFlag.Name) && !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name) {      // Nope, we\\\'re really on mainnet. Bump that cache up!      log.Info(\\\"Bumping default cache on mainnet\\\", \\\"provided\\\", ctx.GlobalInt(utils.CacheFlag.Name), \\\"updated\\\", 4096)      ctx.GlobalSet(utils.CacheFlag.Name, strconv.Itoa(4096))    }  }  // If we\\\'re running a light client on any network, drop the cache to some meaningfully low amount  if ctx.GlobalString(utils.SyncModeFlag.Name) == \\\"light\\\" && !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.CacheFlag.Name) {    log.Info(\\\"Dropping default light client cache\\\", \\\"provided\\\", ctx.GlobalInt(utils.CacheFlag.Name), \\\"updated\\\", 128)    ctx.GlobalSet(utils.CacheFlag.Name, strconv.Itoa(128))  }
  // Start metrics export if enabled  utils.SetupMetrics(ctx)
  // Start system runtime metrics collection  go metrics.CollectProcessMetrics(3 * time.Second)}

// CollectProcessMetrics periodically collects various metrics about the running// process.func CollectProcessMetrics(refresh time.Duration) {  // Short circuit if the metrics system is disabled  if !Enabled {    return  }  refreshFreq := int64(refresh / time.Second)
  // Create the various data collectors  cpuStats := make([]*CPUStats, 2)  memstats := make([]*runtime.MemStats, 2)  diskstats := make([]*DiskStats, 2)  for i := 0; i < len(memstats); i++ {    cpuStats[i] = new(CPUStats)    memstats[i] = new(runtime.MemStats)    diskstats[i] = new(DiskStats)  }  // Define the various metrics to collect  var (    cpuSysLoad    = GetOrRegisterGauge(\\\"system/cpu/sysload\\\", DefaultRegistry)    cpuSysWait    = GetOrRegisterGauge(\\\"system/cpu/syswait\\\", DefaultRegistry)    cpuProcLoad   = GetOrRegisterGauge(\\\"system/cpu/procload\\\", DefaultRegistry)    cpuThreads    = GetOrRegisterGauge(\\\"system/cpu/threads\\\", DefaultRegistry)    cpuGoroutines = GetOrRegisterGauge(\\\"system/cpu/goroutines\\\", DefaultRegistry)
    memPauses = GetOrRegisterMeter(\\\"system/memory/pauses\\\", DefaultRegistry)    memAllocs = GetOrRegisterMeter(\\\"system/memory/allocs\\\", DefaultRegistry)    memFrees  = GetOrRegisterMeter(\\\"system/memory/frees\\\", DefaultRegistry)    memHeld   = GetOrRegisterGauge(\\\"system/memory/held\\\", DefaultRegistry)    memUsed   = GetOrRegisterGauge(\\\"system/memory/used\\\", DefaultRegistry)
    diskReads             = GetOrRegisterMeter(\\\"system/disk/readcount\\\", DefaultRegistry)    diskReadBytes         = GetOrRegisterMeter(\\\"system/disk/readdata\\\", DefaultRegistry)    diskReadBytesCounter  = GetOrRegisterCounter(\\\"system/disk/readbytes\\\", DefaultRegistry)    diskWrites            = GetOrRegisterMeter(\\\"system/disk/writecount\\\", DefaultRegistry)    diskWriteBytes        = GetOrRegisterMeter(\\\"system/disk/writedata\\\", DefaultRegistry)    diskWriteBytesCounter = GetOrRegisterCounter(\\\"system/disk/writebytes\\\", DefaultRegistry)  )  // Iterate loading the different stats and updating the meters  for i := 1; ; i++ {    location1 := i % 2    location2 := (i - 1) % 2
    ReadCPUStats(cpuStats[location1])    cpuSysLoad.Update((cpuStats[location1].GlobalTime - cpuStats[location2].GlobalTime) / refreshFreq)    cpuSysWait.Update((cpuStats[location1].GlobalWait - cpuStats[location2].GlobalWait) / refreshFreq)    cpuProcLoad.Update((cpuStats[location1].LocalTime - cpuStats[location2].LocalTime) / refreshFreq)    cpuThreads.Update(int64(threadCreateProfile.Count()))    cpuGoroutines.Update(int64(runtime.NumGoroutine()))
    runtime.ReadMemStats(memstats[location1])    memPauses.Mark(int64(memstats[location1].PauseTotalNs - memstats[location2].PauseTotalNs))    memAllocs.Mark(int64(memstats[location1].Mallocs - memstats[location2].Mallocs))    memFrees.Mark(int64(memstats[location1].Frees - memstats[location2].Frees))    memHeld.Update(int64(memstats[location1].HeapSys - memstats[location1].HeapReleased))    memUsed.Update(int64(memstats[location1].Alloc))
    if ReadDiskStats(diskstats[location1]) == nil {      diskReads.Mark(diskstats[location1].ReadCount - diskstats[location2].ReadCount)      diskReadBytes.Mark(diskstats[location1].ReadBytes - diskstats[location2].ReadBytes)      diskWrites.Mark(diskstats[location1].WriteCount - diskstats[location2].WriteCount)      diskWriteBytes.Mark(diskstats[location1].WriteBytes - diskstats[location2].WriteBytes)
      diskReadBytesCounter.Inc(diskstats[location1].ReadBytes - diskstats[location2].ReadBytes)      diskWriteBytesCounter.Inc(diskstats[location1].WriteBytes - diskstats[location2].WriteBytes)    }    time.Sleep(refresh)  }}

// makeFullNode loads geth configuration and creates the Ethereum backend.func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, ethapi.Backend) {  stack, cfg := makeConfigNode(ctx)  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.OverrideBerlinFlag.Name) {    cfg.Eth.OverrideBerlin = new(big.Int).SetUint64(ctx.GlobalUint64(utils.OverrideBerlinFlag.Name))  }  backend := utils.RegisterEthService(stack, &cfg.Eth)
  // Configure GraphQL if requested  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.GraphQLEnabledFlag.Name) {    utils.RegisterGraphQLService(stack, backend, cfg.Node)  }  // Add the Ethereum Stats daemon if requested.  if cfg.Ethstats.URL != \\\"\\\" {    utils.RegisterEthStatsService(stack, backend, cfg.Ethstats.URL)  }  return stack, backend}

// makeConfigNode loads geth configuration and creates a blank node instance.func makeConfigNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, gethConfig) {  // Load defaults.  cfg := gethConfig{    Eth:     ethconfig.Defaults,    Node:    defaultNodeConfig(),    Metrics: metrics.DefaultConfig,  }
  // Load config file.  if file := ctx.GlobalString(configFileFlag.Name); file != \\\"\\\" {    if err := loadConfig(file, &cfg); err != nil {      utils.Fatalf(\\\"%v\\\", err)    }  }
  // Apply flags.  utils.SetNodeConfig(ctx, &cfg.Node)  stack, err := node.New(&cfg.Node)  if err != nil {    utils.Fatalf(\\\"Failed to create the protocol stack: %v\\\", err)  }  utils.SetEthConfig(ctx, stack, &cfg.Eth)  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.EthStatsURLFlag.Name) {    cfg.Ethstats.URL = ctx.GlobalString(utils.EthStatsURLFlag.Name)  }  applyMetricConfig(ctx, &cfg)
  return stack, cfg}

// Defaults contains default settings for use on the Ethereum main net.var Defaults = Config{  SyncMode: downloader.FastSync,  Ethash: ethash.Config{    CacheDir:         \\\"ethash\\\",    CachesInMem:      2,    CachesOnDisk:     3,    CachesLockMmap:   false,    DatasetsInMem:    1,    DatasetsOnDisk:   2,    DatasetsLockMmap: false,  },  NetworkId:               1,  TxLookupLimit:           2350000,  LightPeers:              100,  UltraLightFraction:      75,  DatabaseCache:           512,  TrieCleanCache:          154,  TrieCleanCacheJournal:   \\\"triecache\\\",  TrieCleanCacheRejournal: 60 * time.Minute,  TrieDirtyCache:          256,  TrieTimeout:             60 * time.Minute,  SnapshotCache:           102,  Miner: miner.Config{    GasFloor: 8000000,    GasCeil:  8000000,    GasPrice: big.NewInt(params.GWei),    Recommit: 3 * time.Second,  },  TxPool:      core.DefaultTxPoolConfig,  RPCGasCap:   25000000,  GPO:         FullNodeGPO,  RPCTxFeeCap: 1, // 1 ether}

// fileDir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\cmd\\\\geth\\\\config.go  L99func defaultNodeConfig() node.Config {  cfg := node.DefaultConfig  cfg.Name = clientIdentifier  cfg.Version = params.VersionWithCommit(gitCommit, gitDate)  cfg.HTTPModules = append(cfg.HTTPModules, \\\"eth\\\")  cfg.WSModules = append(cfg.WSModules, \\\"eth\\\")  cfg.IPCPath = \\\"geth.ipc\\\"  return cfg}
// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\node\\\\defaults.go  L39// DefaultConfig contains reasonable default settings.var DefaultConfig = Config{  DataDir:             DefaultDataDir(),  HTTPPort:            DefaultHTTPPort,  HTTPModules:         []string{\\\"net\\\", \\\"web3\\\"},  HTTPVirtualHosts:    []string{\\\"localhost\\\"},  HTTPTimeouts:        rpc.DefaultHTTPTimeouts,  WSPort:              DefaultWSPort,  WSModules:           []string{\\\"net\\\", \\\"web3\\\"},  GraphQLVirtualHosts: []string{\\\"localhost\\\"},  P2P: p2p.Config{    ListenAddr: \\\":30303\\\",    MaxPeers:   50,    NAT:        nat.Any(),  },}

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\metrics\\\\config.go// DefaultConfig is the default config for metrics used in go-ethereum.var DefaultConfig = Config{  Enabled:          false,  EnabledExpensive: false,  HTTP:             \\\"127.0.0.1\\\",  Port:             6060,  EnableInfluxDB:   false,  InfluxDBEndpoint: \\\"http://localhost:8086\\\",  InfluxDBDatabase: \\\"geth\\\",  InfluxDBUsername: \\\"test\\\",  InfluxDBPassword: \\\"test\\\",  InfluxDBTags:     \\\"host=localhost\\\",}

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\cmd\\\\geth\\\\config.go   L118// Load config file.  if file := ctx.GlobalString(configFileFlag.Name); file != \\\"\\\" {    if err := loadConfig(file, &cfg); err != nil {      utils.Fatalf(\\\"%v\\\", err)    }  }

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\cmd\\\\geth\\\\config.go  L126// Apply flags.  utils.SetNodeConfig(ctx, &cfg.Node)  stack, err := node.New(&cfg.Node)  if err != nil {    utils.Fatalf(\\\"Failed to create the protocol stack: %v\\\", err)  }  utils.SetEthConfig(ctx, stack, &cfg.Eth)  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.EthStatsURLFlag.Name) {    cfg.Ethstats.URL = ctx.GlobalString(utils.EthStatsURLFlag.Name)  }  applyMetricConfig(ctx, &cfg)
  return stack, cfg

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\node\\\\node.go// New creates a new P2P node, ready for protocol registration.func New(conf *Config) (*Node, error) {  // Copy config and resolve the datadir so future changes to the current  // working directory don\\\'t affect the node.  confCopy := *conf  conf = &confCopy  if conf.DataDir != \\\"\\\" {    absdatadir, err := filepath.Abs(conf.DataDir)    if err != nil {      return nil, err    }    conf.DataDir = absdatadir  }  if conf.Logger == nil {    conf.Logger = log.New()  }
  // Ensure that the instance name doesn\\\'t cause weird conflicts with  // other files in the data directory.  if strings.ContainsAny(conf.Name, `/\\\\`) {    return nil, errors.New(`Config.Name must not contain \\\'/\\\' or \\\'\\\\\\\'`)  }  if conf.Name == datadirDefaultKeyStore {    return nil, errors.New(`Config.Name cannot be \\\"` + datadirDefaultKeyStore + `\\\"`)  }  if strings.HasSuffix(conf.Name, \\\".ipc\\\") {    return nil, errors.New(`Config.Name cannot end in \\\".ipc\\\"`)  }
  node := &Node{    config:        conf,    inprocHandler: rpc.NewServer(),    eventmux:      new(event.TypeMux),    log:           conf.Logger,    stop:          make(chan struct{}),    server:        &p2p.Server{Config: conf.P2P},    databases:     make(map[*closeTrackingDB]struct{}),  }
  // Register built-in APIs.  node.rpcAPIs = append(node.rpcAPIs, node.apis()...)
  // Acquire the instance directory lock.  if err := node.openDataDir(); err != nil {    return nil, err  }  // Ensure that the AccountManager method works before the node has started. We rely on  // this in cmd/geth.  am, ephemeralKeystore, err := makeAccountManager(conf)  if err != nil {    return nil, err  }  node.accman = am  node.ephemKeystore = ephemeralKeystore
  // Initialize the p2p server. This creates the node key and discovery databases.  node.server.Config.PrivateKey = node.config.NodeKey()  node.server.Config.Name = node.config.NodeName()  node.server.Config.Logger = node.log  if node.server.Config.StaticNodes == nil {    node.server.Config.StaticNodes = node.config.StaticNodes()  }  if node.server.Config.TrustedNodes == nil {    node.server.Config.TrustedNodes = node.config.TrustedNodes()  }  if node.server.Config.NodeDatabase == \\\"\\\" {    node.server.Config.NodeDatabase = node.config.NodeDB()  }
  // Check HTTP/WS prefixes are valid.  if err := validatePrefix(\\\"HTTP\\\", conf.HTTPPathPrefix); err != nil {    return nil, err  }  if err := validatePrefix(\\\"WebSocket\\\", conf.WSPathPrefix); err != nil {    return nil, err  }
  // Configure RPC servers.  node.http = newHTTPServer(node.log, conf.HTTPTimeouts)  node.ws = newHTTPServer(node.log, rpc.DefaultHTTPTimeouts)  node.ipc = newIPCServer(node.log, conf.IPCEndpoint())
  return node, nil}

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\cmd\\\\utils\\\\flags.go// SetEthConfig applies eth-related command line flags to the config.func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {  // Avoid conflicting network flags  CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, RopstenFlag, RinkebyFlag, GoerliFlag, YoloV3Flag)  CheckExclusive(ctx, LightServeFlag, SyncModeFlag, \\\"light\\\")  CheckExclusive(ctx, DeveloperFlag, ExternalSignerFlag) // Can\\\'t use both ephemeral unlocked and external signer  if ctx.GlobalString(GCModeFlag.Name) == \\\"archive\\\" && ctx.GlobalUint64(TxLookupLimitFlag.Name) != 0 {    ctx.GlobalSet(TxLookupLimitFlag.Name, \\\"0\\\")    log.Warn(\\\"Disable transaction unindexing for archive node\\\")  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(LightServeFlag.Name) && ctx.GlobalUint64(TxLookupLimitFlag.Name) != 0 {    log.Warn(\\\"LES server cannot serve old transaction status and cannot connect below les/4 protocol version if transaction lookup index is limited\\\")  }  var ks *keystore.KeyStore  if keystores := stack.AccountManager().Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType); len(keystores) > 0 {    ks = keystores[0].(*keystore.KeyStore)  }  setEtherbase(ctx, ks, cfg)  setGPO(ctx, &cfg.GPO, ctx.GlobalString(SyncModeFlag.Name) == \\\"light\\\")  setTxPool(ctx, &cfg.TxPool)  setEthash(ctx, cfg)  setMiner(ctx, &cfg.Miner)  setWhitelist(ctx, cfg)  setLes(ctx, cfg)
  // Cap the cache allowance and tune the garbage collector  mem, err := gopsutil.VirtualMemory()  if err == nil {    if 32<<(^uintptr(0)>>63) == 32 && mem.Total > 2*1024*1024*1024 {      log.Warn(\\\"Lowering memory allowance on 32bit arch\\\", \\\"available\\\", mem.Total/1024/1024, \\\"addressable\\\", 2*1024)      mem.Total = 2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024    }    allowance := int(mem.Total / 1024 / 1024 / 3)    if cache := ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name); cache > allowance {      log.Warn(\\\"Sanitizing cache to Go\\\'s GC limits\\\", \\\"provided\\\", cache, \\\"updated\\\", allowance)      ctx.GlobalSet(CacheFlag.Name, strconv.Itoa(allowance))    }  }  // Ensure Go\\\'s GC ignores the database cache for trigger percentage  cache := ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name)  gogc := math.Max(20, math.Min(100, 100/(float64(cache)/1024)))
  log.Debug(\\\"Sanitizing Go\\\'s GC trigger\\\", \\\"percent\\\", int(gogc))  godebug.SetGCPercent(int(gogc))
  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(SyncModeFlag.Name) {    cfg.SyncMode = *GlobalTextMarshaler(ctx, SyncModeFlag.Name).(*downloader.SyncMode)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {    cfg.NetworkId = ctx.GlobalUint64(NetworkIdFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheDatabaseFlag.Name) {    cfg.DatabaseCache = ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name) * ctx.GlobalInt(CacheDatabaseFlag.Name) / 100  }  cfg.DatabaseHandles = MakeDatabaseHandles()  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(AncientFlag.Name) {    cfg.DatabaseFreezer = ctx.GlobalString(AncientFlag.Name)  }
  if gcmode := ctx.GlobalString(GCModeFlag.Name); gcmode != \\\"full\\\" && gcmode != \\\"archive\\\" {    Fatalf(\\\"--%s must be either \\\'full\\\' or \\\'archive\\\'\\\", GCModeFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(GCModeFlag.Name) {    cfg.NoPruning = ctx.GlobalString(GCModeFlag.Name) == \\\"archive\\\"  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheNoPrefetchFlag.Name) {    cfg.NoPrefetch = ctx.GlobalBool(CacheNoPrefetchFlag.Name)  }  // Read the value from the flag no matter if it\\\'s set or not.  cfg.Preimages = ctx.GlobalBool(CachePreimagesFlag.Name)  if cfg.NoPruning && !cfg.Preimages {    cfg.Preimages = true    log.Info(\\\"Enabling recording of key preimages since archive mode is used\\\")  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(TxLookupLimitFlag.Name) {    cfg.TxLookupLimit = ctx.GlobalUint64(TxLookupLimitFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheTrieFlag.Name) {    cfg.TrieCleanCache = ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name) * ctx.GlobalInt(CacheTrieFlag.Name) / 100  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheTrieJournalFlag.Name) {    cfg.TrieCleanCacheJournal = ctx.GlobalString(CacheTrieJournalFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheTrieRejournalFlag.Name) {    cfg.TrieCleanCacheRejournal = ctx.GlobalDuration(CacheTrieRejournalFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheGCFlag.Name) {    cfg.TrieDirtyCache = ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name) * ctx.GlobalInt(CacheGCFlag.Name) / 100  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheSnapshotFlag.Name) {    cfg.SnapshotCache = ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name) * ctx.GlobalInt(CacheSnapshotFlag.Name) / 100  }  if !ctx.GlobalBool(SnapshotFlag.Name) {    // If snap-sync is requested, this flag is also required    if cfg.SyncMode == downloader.SnapSync {      log.Info(\\\"Snap sync requested, enabling --snapshot\\\")    } else {      cfg.TrieCleanCache += cfg.SnapshotCache      cfg.SnapshotCache = 0 // Disabled    }  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(DocRootFlag.Name) {    cfg.DocRoot = ctx.GlobalString(DocRootFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name) {    // TODO(fjl): force-enable this in --dev mode    cfg.EnablePreimageRecording = ctx.GlobalBool(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name)  }
  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(EWASMInterpreterFlag.Name) {    cfg.EWASMInterpreter = ctx.GlobalString(EWASMInterpreterFlag.Name)  }
  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(EVMInterpreterFlag.Name) {    cfg.EVMInterpreter = ctx.GlobalString(EVMInterpreterFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(RPCGlobalGasCapFlag.Name) {    cfg.RPCGasCap = ctx.GlobalUint64(RPCGlobalGasCapFlag.Name)  }  if cfg.RPCGasCap != 0 {    log.Info(\\\"Set global gas cap\\\", \\\"cap\\\", cfg.RPCGasCap)  } else {    log.Info(\\\"Global gas cap disabled\\\")  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(RPCGlobalTxFeeCapFlag.Name) {    cfg.RPCTxFeeCap = ctx.GlobalFloat64(RPCGlobalTxFeeCapFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(NoDiscoverFlag.Name) {    cfg.EthDiscoveryURLs, cfg.SnapDiscoveryURLs = []string{}, []string{}  } else if ctx.GlobalIsSet(DNSDiscoveryFlag.Name) {    urls := ctx.GlobalString(DNSDiscoveryFlag.Name)    if urls == \\\"\\\" {      cfg.EthDiscoveryURLs = []string{}    } else {      cfg.EthDiscoveryURLs = SplitAndTrim(urls)    }  }  // Override any default configs for hard coded networks.  switch {  case ctx.GlobalBool(MainnetFlag.Name):    if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {      cfg.NetworkId = 1    }    cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultGenesisBlock()    SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.MainnetGenesisHash)  case ctx.GlobalBool(RopstenFlag.Name):    if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {      cfg.NetworkId = 3    }    cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultRopstenGenesisBlock()    SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.RopstenGenesisHash)  case ctx.GlobalBool(RinkebyFlag.Name):    if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {      cfg.NetworkId = 4    }    cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock()    SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.RinkebyGenesisHash)  case ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name):    if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {      cfg.NetworkId = 5    }    cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock()    SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.GoerliGenesisHash)  case ctx.GlobalBool(YoloV3Flag.Name):    if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {      cfg.NetworkId = new(big.Int).SetBytes([]byte(\\\"yolov3x\\\")).Uint64() // \\\"yolov3x\\\"    }    cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultYoloV3GenesisBlock()  case ctx.GlobalBool(DeveloperFlag.Name):    if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {      cfg.NetworkId = 1337    }    // Create new developer account or reuse existing one    var (      developer  accounts.Account      passphrase string      err        error    )    if list := MakePasswordList(ctx); len(list) > 0 {      // Just take the first value. Although the function returns a possible multiple values and      // some usages iterate through them as attempts, that doesn\\\'t make sense in this setting,      // when we\\\'re definitely concerned with only one account.      passphrase = list[0]    }    // setEtherbase has been called above, configuring the miner address from command line flags.    if cfg.Miner.Etherbase != (common.Address{}) {      developer = accounts.Account{Address: cfg.Miner.Etherbase}    } else if accs := ks.Accounts(); len(accs) > 0 {      developer = ks.Accounts()[0]    } else {      developer, err = ks.NewAccount(passphrase)      if err != nil {        Fatalf(\\\"Failed to create developer account: %v\\\", err)      }    }    if err := ks.Unlock(developer, passphrase); err != nil {      Fatalf(\\\"Failed to unlock developer account: %v\\\", err)    }    log.Info(\\\"Using developer account\\\", \\\"address\\\", developer.Address)
    // Create a new developer genesis block or reuse existing one    cfg.Genesis = core.DeveloperGenesisBlock(uint64(ctx.GlobalInt(DeveloperPeriodFlag.Name)), developer.Address)    if ctx.GlobalIsSet(DataDirFlag.Name) {      // Check if we have an already initialized chain and fall back to      // that if so. Otherwise we need to generate a new genesis spec.      chaindb := MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)      if rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(chaindb, 0) != (common.Hash{}) {        cfg.Genesis = nil // fallback to db content      }      chaindb.Close()    }    if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerGasPriceFlag.Name) {      cfg.Miner.GasPrice = big.NewInt(1)    }  default:    if cfg.NetworkId == 1 {      SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.MainnetGenesisHash)    }  }}

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\cmd\\\\geth\\\\config.gofunc applyMetricConfig(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *gethConfig) {  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsEnabledFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.Enabled = ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MetricsEnabledFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsEnabledExpensiveFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.EnabledExpensive = ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MetricsEnabledExpensiveFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsHTTPFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.HTTP = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsHTTPFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsPortFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.Port = ctx.GlobalInt(utils.MetricsPortFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsEnableInfluxDBFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.EnableInfluxDB = ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MetricsEnableInfluxDBFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBEndpointFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBEndpoint = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBEndpointFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBDatabaseFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBDatabase = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBDatabaseFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBUsernameFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBUsername = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBUsernameFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBPasswordFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBPassword = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBPasswordFlag.Name)  }  if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBTagsFlag.Name) {    cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBTags = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBTagsFlag.Name)  }

// filedir: go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\cmd\\\\geth\\\\main.go  L328// startNode boots up the system node and all registered protocols, after which// it unlocks any requested accounts, and starts the RPC/IPC interfaces and the// miner.func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, backend ethapi.Backend) {  debug.Memsize.Add(\\\"node\\\", stack)
  // Start up the node itself  utils.StartNode(ctx, stack)
  // Unlock any account specifically requested  unlockAccounts(ctx, stack)
  // Register wallet event handlers to open and auto-derive wallets  events := make(chan accounts.WalletEvent, 16)  stack.AccountManager().Subscribe(events)
  // Create a client to interact with local geth node.  rpcClient, err := stack.Attach()  if err != nil {    utils.Fatalf(\\\"Failed to attach to self: %v\\\", err)  }  ethClient := ethclient.NewClient(rpcClient)
  go func() {    // Open any wallets already attached    for _, wallet := range stack.AccountManager().Wallets() {      if err := wallet.Open(\\\"\\\"); err != nil {        log.Warn(\\\"Failed to open wallet\\\", \\\"url\\\", wallet.URL(), \\\"err\\\", err)      }    }    // Listen for wallet event till termination    for event := range events {      switch event.Kind {      case accounts.WalletArrived:        if err := event.Wallet.Open(\\\"\\\"); err != nil {          log.Warn(\\\"New wallet appeared, failed to open\\\", \\\"url\\\", event.Wallet.URL(), \\\"err\\\", err)        }      case accounts.WalletOpened:        status, _ := event.Wallet.Status()        log.Info(\\\"New wallet appeared\\\", \\\"url\\\", event.Wallet.URL(), \\\"status\\\", status)
        var derivationPaths []accounts.DerivationPath        if event.Wallet.URL().Scheme == \\\"ledger\\\" {          derivationPaths = append(derivationPaths, accounts.LegacyLedgerBaseDerivationPath)        }        derivationPaths = append(derivationPaths, accounts.DefaultBaseDerivationPath)
        event.Wallet.SelfDerive(derivationPaths, ethClient)
      case accounts.WalletDropped:        log.Info(\\\"Old wallet dropped\\\", \\\"url\\\", event.Wallet.URL())        event.Wallet.Close()      }    }  }()
  // Spawn a standalone goroutine for status synchronization monitoring,  // close the node when synchronization is complete if user required.  if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.ExitWhenSyncedFlag.Name) {    go func() {      sub := stack.EventMux().Subscribe(downloader.DoneEvent{})      defer sub.Unsubscribe()      for {        event := <-sub.Chan()        if event == nil {          continue        }        done, ok := event.Data.(downloader.DoneEvent)        if !ok {          continue        }        if timestamp := time.Unix(int64(done.Latest.Time), 0); time.Since(timestamp) < 10*time.Minute {          log.Info(\\\"Synchronisation completed\\\", \\\"latestnum\\\", done.Latest.Number, \\\"latesthash\\\", done.Latest.Hash(),            \\\"age\\\", common.PrettyAge(timestamp))          stack.Close()        }      }    }()  }
  // Start auxiliary services if enabled  if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MiningEnabledFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalBool(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name) {    // Mining only makes sense if a full Ethereum node is running    if ctx.GlobalString(utils.SyncModeFlag.Name) == \\\"light\\\" {      utils.Fatalf(\\\"Light clients do not support mining\\\")    }    ethBackend, ok := backend.(*eth.EthAPIBackend)    if !ok {      utils.Fatalf(\\\"Ethereum service not running: %v\\\", err)    }    // Set the gas price to the limits from the CLI and start mining    gasprice := utils.GlobalBig(ctx, utils.MinerGasPriceFlag.Name)    ethBackend.TxPool().SetGasPrice(gasprice)    // start mining    threads := ctx.GlobalInt(utils.MinerThreadsFlag.Name)    if err := ethBackend.StartMining(threads); err != nil {      utils.Fatalf(\\\"Failed to start mining: %v\\\", err)    }  }}

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\cmd\\\\utils\\\\cmd.gofunc StartNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) {  if err := stack.Start(); err != nil {    Fatalf(\\\"Error starting protocol stack: %v\\\", err)  }  go func() {    sigc := make(chan os.Signal, 1)    signal.Notify(sigc, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)    defer signal.Stop(sigc)
    minFreeDiskSpace := ethconfig.Defaults.TrieDirtyCache    if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinFreeDiskSpaceFlag.Name) {      minFreeDiskSpace = ctx.GlobalInt(MinFreeDiskSpaceFlag.Name)    } else if ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalIsSet(CacheGCFlag.Name) {      minFreeDiskSpace = ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name) * ctx.GlobalInt(CacheGCFlag.Name) / 100    }    if minFreeDiskSpace > 0 {      go monitorFreeDiskSpace(sigc, stack.InstanceDir(), uint64(minFreeDiskSpace)*1024*1024)    }
    <-sigc    log.Info(\\\"Got interrupt, shutting down...\\\")    go stack.Close()    for i := 10; i > 0; i-- {      <-sigc      if i > 1 {        log.Warn(\\\"Already shutting down, interrupt more to panic.\\\", \\\"times\\\", i-1)      }    }    debug.Exit() // ensure trace and CPU profile data is flushed.    debug.LoudPanic(\\\"boom\\\")  }()}

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\node\\\\node.go// Start starts all registered lifecycles, RPC services and p2p networking.// Node can only be started once.func (n *Node) Start() error {  n.startStopLock.Lock()  defer n.startStopLock.Unlock()
  n.lock.Lock()  switch n.state {  case runningState:    n.lock.Unlock()    return ErrNodeRunning  case closedState:    n.lock.Unlock()    return ErrNodeStopped  }  n.state = runningState  // open networking and RPC endpoints  err := n.openEndpoints()  lifecycles := make([]Lifecycle, len(n.lifecycles))  copy(lifecycles, n.lifecycles)  n.lock.Unlock()
  // Check if endpoint startup failed.  if err != nil {    n.doClose(nil)    return err  }  // Start all registered lifecycles.  var started []Lifecycle  for _, lifecycle := range lifecycles {    if err = lifecycle.Start(); err != nil {      break    }    started = append(started, lifecycle)  }  // Check if any lifecycle failed to start.  if err != nil {    n.stopServices(started)    n.doClose(nil)  }  return err}

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\cmd\\\\geth\\\\main.go   L426// unlockAccounts unlocks any account specifically requested.func unlockAccounts(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) {  var unlocks []string  inputs := strings.Split(ctx.GlobalString(utils.UnlockedAccountFlag.Name), \\\",\\\")  for _, input := range inputs {    if trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(input); trimmed != \\\"\\\" {      unlocks = append(unlocks, trimmed)    }  }  // Short circuit if there is no account to unlock.  if len(unlocks) == 0 {    return  }  // If insecure account unlocking is not allowed if node\\\'s APIs are exposed to external.  // Print warning log to user and skip unlocking.  if !stack.Config().InsecureUnlockAllowed && stack.Config().ExtRPCEnabled() {    utils.Fatalf(\\\"Account unlock with HTTP access is forbidden!\\\")  }  ks := stack.AccountManager().Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)[0].(*keystore.KeyStore)  passwords := utils.MakePasswordList(ctx)  for i, account := range unlocks {    unlockAccount(ks, account, i, passwords)  }}

  // Register wallet event handlers to open and auto-derive wallets  events := make(chan accounts.WalletEvent, 16)  stack.AccountManager().Subscribe(events)

     // Listen for wallet event till termination    for event := range events {      switch event.Kind {      case accounts.WalletArrived:        if err := event.Wallet.Open(\\\"\\\"); err != nil {          log.Warn(\\\"New wallet appeared, failed to open\\\", \\\"url\\\", event.Wallet.URL(), \\\"err\\\", err)        }      case accounts.WalletOpened:        status, _ := event.Wallet.Status()        log.Info(\\\"New wallet appeared\\\", \\\"url\\\", event.Wallet.URL(), \\\"status\\\", status)
        var derivationPaths []accounts.DerivationPath        if event.Wallet.URL().Scheme == \\\"ledger\\\" {          derivationPaths = append(derivationPaths, accounts.LegacyLedgerBaseDerivationPath)        }        derivationPaths = append(derivationPaths, accounts.DefaultBaseDerivationPath)
        event.Wallet.SelfDerive(derivationPaths, ethClient)
      case accounts.WalletDropped:        log.Info(\\\"Old wallet dropped\\\", \\\"url\\\", event.Wallet.URL())        event.Wallet.Close()      }    }  }

  // Spawn a standalone goroutine for status synchronization monitoring,  // close the node when synchronization is complete if user required.  if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.ExitWhenSyncedFlag.Name) {    go func() {      sub := stack.EventMux().Subscribe(downloader.DoneEvent{})      defer sub.Unsubscribe()      for {        event := <-sub.Chan()        if event == nil {          continue        }        done, ok := event.Data.(downloader.DoneEvent)        if !ok {          continue        }        if timestamp := time.Unix(int64(done.Latest.Time), 0); time.Since(timestamp) < 10*time.Minute {          log.Info(\\\"Synchronisation completed\\\", \\\"latestnum\\\", done.Latest.Number, \\\"latesthash\\\", done.Latest.Hash(),            \\\"age\\\", common.PrettyAge(timestamp))          stack.Close()        }      }    }()  }

  // Start auxiliary services if enabled  if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MiningEnabledFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalBool(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name) {    // Mining only makes sense if a full Ethereum node is running    if ctx.GlobalString(utils.SyncModeFlag.Name) == \\\"light\\\" {      utils.Fatalf(\\\"Light clients do not support mining\\\")    }    ethBackend, ok := backend.(*eth.EthAPIBackend)    if !ok {      utils.Fatalf(\\\"Ethereum service not running: %v\\\", err)    }    // Set the gas price to the limits from the CLI and start mining    gasprice := utils.GlobalBig(ctx, utils.MinerGasPriceFlag.Name)    ethBackend.TxPool().SetGasPrice(gasprice)    // start mining    threads := ctx.GlobalInt(utils.MinerThreadsFlag.Name)    if err := ethBackend.StartMining(threads); err != nil {      utils.Fatalf(\\\"Failed to start mining: %v\\\", err)    }  }

// filedir:go-ethereum-1.10.2\\\\eth\\\\backend.go// StartMining starts the miner with the given number of CPU threads. If mining// is already running, this method adjust the number of threads allowed to use// and updates the minimum price required by the transaction pool.func (s *Ethereum) StartMining(threads int) error {  // Update the thread count within the consensus engine  type threaded interface {    SetThreads(threads int)  }  if th, ok := s.engine.(threaded); ok {    log.Info(\\\"Updated mining threads\\\", \\\"threads\\\", threads)    if threads == 0 {      threads = -1 // Disable the miner from within    }    th.SetThreads(threads)  }  // If the miner was not running, initialize it  if !s.IsMining() {    // Propagate the initial price point to the transaction pool    s.lock.RLock()    price := s.gasPrice    s.lock.RUnlock()    s.txPool.SetGasPrice(price)
    // Configure the local mining address    eb, err := s.Etherbase()    if err != nil {      log.Error(\\\"Cannot start mining without etherbase\\\", \\\"err\\\", err)      return fmt.Errorf(\\\"etherbase missing: %v\\\", err)    }    if clique, ok := s.engine.(*clique.Clique); ok {      wallet, err := s.accountManager.Find(accounts.Account{Address: eb})      if wallet == nil || err != nil {        log.Error(\\\"Etherbase account unavailable locally\\\", \\\"err\\\", err)        return fmt.Errorf(\\\"signer missing: %v\\\", err)      }      clique.Authorize(eb, wallet.SignData)    }    // If mining is started, we can disable the transaction rejection mechanism    // introduced to speed sync times.    atomic.StoreUint32(&s.handler.acceptTxs, 1)
    go s.miner.Start(eb)  }  return nil}

// Wait blocks until the node is closed.func (n *Node) Wait() {  <-n.stop}

./geth --ropsten --rpc --rpcaddr 192.168.174.212 --rpcport 8989