Cosmos 简介/ 01
Cosmos 是一个去中心化的网络平台,它旨在解决当前区块链技术中的可扩展性和互操作性问题。Cosmos 通过一种称为 Tendermint 核心的共识机制,提供了一种模块化和高效的区块链架构,使不同区块链能够相互通信和协作。
概述
Cosmos 是一个分布式网络,包含多个独立的区块链,称为 “zones”,这些区块链通过一个中心枢纽,称为 “Cosmos Hub”,进行互操作。Cosmos 的目标是创建一个能够扩展和互操作的区块链生态系统,使得不同区块链可以无缝地相互通信。
关键组件
2.1.Tendermint
Tendermint 是一种拜占庭容错 (BFT) 共识算法,它为 Cosmos 提供了基础层。Tendermint 核心允许开发人员快速构建高效、安全和可扩展的区块链应用。它包含两个主要部分:
Tendermint 核心:处理网络和共识部分,使区块链能够在不信任的环境中达到共识。
Application Blockchain Interface (ABCI):允许开发人员用任意编程语言构建应用程序逻辑。
2.2.Cosmos SDK
Cosmos SDK 是一个开发框架,它帮助开发者创建自定义区块链应用。SDK 提供了一组预定义的模块(例如账户、治理、staking 等),开发者可以使用这些模块构建他们的区块链,也可以创建新的模块来满足特定需求。
Inter-Blockchain Communication
(IBC) Protocol
IBC 协议是 Cosmos 实现不同区块链之间通信的关键。IBC 允许独立的区块链通过共享的中心枢纽进行通信和资产交换。该协议确保了跨链操作的安全性和可靠性。
Cosmos 的互链安全
(Interchain Security)
Cosmos 的互链安全(Interchain Security)是一种增强区块链网络整体安全性的机制,它允许多个区块链共享一个共同的安全层。具体来说,互链安全使较小的区块链(zones)能够利用较大、较安全的区块链(如 Cosmos Hub)的验证者集群来保护自己。这种机制提升了整个 Cosmos 生态系统的安全性和稳定性。
Cosmos Hub
Cosmos Hub 是 Cosmos 网络的中心区块链,它充当不同区块链之间的中介,管理跨链通信和资产交换。ATOM 是 Cosmos Hub 的原生加密货币,用于支付交易费用和参与治理。
特点和优势
-
可扩展性:Cosmos 通过分区架构实现了高可扩展性,每个区块链(zone)可以独立处理交易,避免了传统区块链的性能瓶颈问题。
-
可互操作性:通过 IBC 协议,Cosmos 实现了不同区块链之间的无缝互操作,使得资产和数据能够跨链流动。
-
模块化: Cosmos SDK 提供了模块化的开发框架,开发者可以灵活地组合预定义模块或创建新模块,快速构建区块链应用。
- 安全性:Tendermint 核心提供了强大的安全保障,支持拜占庭容错共识,确保在部分节点恶意或故障的情况下,区块链仍能正常运作
实际应用
Cosmos 的技术已经被多个区块链项目采用,用于构建去中心化金融 (DeFi)、供应链管理、社交网络等多种应用场景。通过 Cosmos,开发者可以实现高度可扩展和互操作的区块链解决方案,推动区块链技术在各行业的应用。
未来发展
Cosmos 的发展路线图包括进一步优化 IBC 协议、提升 Cosmos SDK 的功能、以及扩展生态系统中的区块链数量。未来,Cosmos 有望成为区块链互操作性的标准解决方案,推动区块链技术的广泛应用和发展。
总结来说,Cosmos 通过其独特的架构和协议,为区块链技术的可扩展性和互操作性问题提供了有效的解决方案,促进了一个去中心化、互联互通的区块链生态系统的形成。
离线地址生成/ 02
NodeJs 代码
export async function createAtomAddress (seedHex: string, addressIndex: number, network: string) {
const node = bip32.fromSeed(Buffer.from(seedHex, 'hex'));
const child = node.derivePath("m/44'/118'/0'/0/" + addressIndex + '');
const publicKey = child.publicKey.toString('hex');
const prefix = 'cosmos';
const pubkey = {
type: 'tendermint/PubKeySecp256k1',
value: toBase64(
fromHex(
publicKey
)
)
};
const address = atomPubkeyToAddress(pubkey, prefix);
return {
privateKey: Buffer.from(child.privateKey).toString('hex'),
publicKey: Buffer.from(child.publicKey).toString('hex'),
address
};
}
Python 代码
def generate_wallet():
privkey = PrivateKey().serialize()
return {
"private_key": privkey,
"public_key": privkey_to_pubkey(privkey),
"address": privkey_to_address(privkey),
}
def privkey_to_pubkey(privkey: str) -> str:
privkey_obj = PrivateKey(bytes.fromhex(privkey))
return privkey_obj.pubkey.serialize().hex()
def pubkey_to_address(pubkey: str) -> str:
pubkey_bytes = bytes.fromhex(pubkey)
s = hashlib.new("sha256", pubkey_bytes).digest()
r = hashlib.new("ripemd160", s).digest()
return bech32.bech32_encode("cosmos", bech32.convertbits(r, 8, 5))
def privkey_to_address(privkey: str) -> str:
pubkey = privkey_to_pubkey(privkey)
return pubkey_to_address(pubkey)
wallet = generate_wallet()
print(wallet)
离线签名 / 03
NodeJs V1 代码
export async function signAtomTransaction (params: any): Promise<string> {
const { privateKey, chainId, from, to, memo, amount, fee, gas, accountNumber, sequence, decimal } = params;
const calcAmount = new BigNumber(amount).times(new BigNumber(10).pow(decimal)).toNumber();
if (calcAmount % 1 !== 0) throw new Error('amount invalid');
const calcFee = new BigNumber(fee).times(new BigNumber(10).pow(decimal)).toNumber();
if (calcFee % 1 !== 0) throw new Error('fee invalid');
const signDoc = {
msgs: [
{
type: 'cosmos-sdk/MsgSend',
value: {
from_address: from,
to_address: to,
amount: [{ amount: BigNumber(amount).times(Math.pow(10, decimal)).toString(), denom: 'uatom' }]
}
}
],
fee: {
amount: [{ amount: BigNumber(fee).times(Math.pow(10, decimal)).toString(), denom: 'uatom' }],
gas: String(gas)
},
chain_id: chainId,
memo: memo || '',
account_number: accountNumber.toString(),
sequence: sequence.toString()
};
const signer = await Secp256k1Wallet.fromKey(new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(privateKey, 'hex')), 'cosmos');
const { signature } = await signer.signAmino(from, signDoc);
const tx = {
tx: {
msg: signDoc.msgs,
fee: signDoc.fee,
signatures: [signature],
memo: memo || ''
},
mode: 'sync'
};
return JSON.stringify(tx);
}
NodeJs V2 代码
export async function SignV2Transaction(params: any): Promise<string> {
const { chainId, from, to, memo, amount_in, fee, gas, accountNumber, sequence, decimal, privateKey } = params;
const amount = BigNumber(amount_in).times(Math.pow(10, decimal)).toString();
const feeAmount = BigNumber(fee).times(Math.pow(10, decimal)).toString();
const unit = "uatom";
if (amount.toString().indexOf(".") !== -1) {
throw new Error('input amount value invalid.');
}
if (feeAmount.toString().indexOf(".") !== -1) {
throw new Error('input amount value invalid.');
}
if (!verifyAddress({ address: from }) || !verifyAddress({ address: to })) {
throw new Error('input address value invalid.');
}
const sendMessage = createSendMessage(
from,
to,
amount,
unit
);
const messages = [sendMessage];
const txBody = createTxBody(messages, memo);
const { pubkey } = await Secp256k1Wallet.fromKey(
fromHex(privateKey),
"cosmos"
);
const authInfo = await getAuthInfo(
pubkey,
sequence.toString(),
feeAmount,
unit,
gas
);
const signDoc = getSignDoc(chainId, txBody, authInfo, accountNumber);
const signature = getDirectSignature(signDoc, fromHex(privateKey));
const txRawBytes = createTxRawBytes(
txBody,
authInfo,
signature
);
const txBytesBase64 = Buffer.from(txRawBytes, 'binary').toString('base64');
const txRaw = { tx_bytes: txBytesBase64, mode: "BROADCAST_MODE_SYNC" };
return JSON.stringify(txRaw);
}
Python 代码
import base64
import json
from secp256k1 import PrivateKey
from address import privkey_to_address, privkey_to_pubkey
class Transaction:
def __init__(self, *, privkey: str, account_num:int, sequence:int, fee:int, gas:int, memo:str = "", chain_id: str = "cosmoshub-2",sync_mode = "sync"):
self.privkey = privkey
self.account_num = account_num
self.sequence = sequence
self.fee = fee
self.gas = gas
self.memo = memo
self.chain_id = chain_id
self.sync_mode = sync_mode
self.msgs = []
def add_atom_transfer(self, recipient: str, amount: int) -> None:
self.msgs.append(
{
"type": "cosmos-sdk/MsgSend",
"value": {
"from_address": privkey_to_address(self.privkey),
"to_address": recipient,
"amount": [{"denom": "uatom", "amount": str(amount)}],
},
}
)
def _get_sign_message(self):
return {
"chain_id": self.chain_id,
"account_number": str(self.account_num),
"fee": {"gas": str(self.gas), "amount": [{"amount": str(self.fee), "denom": "uatom"}]},
"memo": self.memo,
"sequence": str(self.sequence),
"msgs": self.msgs,
}
def _sign(self) -> str:
message_str = json.dumps(self._get_sign_message(), separators=(",", ":"), sort_keys=True)
message_bytes = message_str.encode("utf-8")
privkey = PrivateKey(bytes.fromhex(self.privkey))
signature = privkey.ecdsa_sign(message_bytes)
signature_compact = privkey.ecdsa_serialize_compact(signature)
signature_base64_str = base64.b64encode(signature_compact).decode("utf-8")
return signature_base64_str
def get_pushable_tx(self) -> str:
pubkey = privkey_to_pubkey(self.privkey)
base64_pubkey = base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(pubkey)).decode("utf-8")
pushable_tx = {
"tx": {
"msg": self.msgs,
"fee": {
"gas": str(self.gas),
"amount": [{"denom": "uatom", "amount": str(self.fee)}],
},
"memo": self.memo,
"signatures": [
{
"signature": self._sign(),
"pub_key": {"type": "tendermint/PubKeySecp256k1", "value": base64_pubkey},
"account_number": str(self.account_num),
"sequence": str(self.sequence),
}
],
},
"mode": self.sync_mode,
}
return json.dumps(pushable_tx, separators=(",", ":"))
tx = Transaction(
privkey="priKey",
account_num=11335,
sequence=0,
fee=1000,
gas=37000,
memo="",
chain_id="cosmoshub-2",
sync_mode="sync",
)
tx.add_atom_transfer(recipient="cosmos103l758ps7403sd9c0y8j6hrfw4xyl70j4mmwkf", amount=387000)
pushable_tx = tx.get_pushable_tx()
print(pushable_tx)
Cosmos 钱包开发中 用到的 API / 04
获取账户信息
- 请求示范
- 参数:无
curl --location 'https://cosmos-rest.publicnode.com/cosmos/auth/v1beta1/account_info/cosmos1z79jxnsw64c20upyfu8rfe89pdsel48kfmzjgu'
- 返回值
{
"info": {
"address": "cosmos1z79jxnsw64c20upyfu8rfe89pdsel48kfmzjgu",
"pub_key": {
"@type": "/cosmos.crypto.secp256k1.PubKey",
"key": "A26PAcbmjZxcZqsXL/CJgjTHqImZeAJDe85ufR+JFh/B"
},
"account_number": "2782398",
"sequence": "1"
}
}
获取最新块高
- 请求示范
- 参数:无
curl --location 'https://cosmos-rest.publicnode.com/cosmos/base/tendermint/v1beta1/blocks/latest'
--data ''
- 返回值
{
"block_id": {
"hash": "Cr9rJ/PdYLz/QJQcS6Q/AJghKbWF6dvWD7LNO8ukpU0=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 1,
"hash": "pxCRahdweihOWcvXUId/8quOkq1iQd9FN5yYOkebCHM="
}
},
"block": {
"header": {
"version": {
"block": "11",
"app": "0"
},
"chain_id": "cosmoshub-4",
"height": "20623348",
"time": "2024-05-28T12:39:29.860619997Z",
"last_block_id": {
"hash": "gbn8ySZ9MLY4Jl/TimgWKts3hiFXmF94ASFDIcT/ybw=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 1,
"hash": "uOn9tB+l+dyJuCLTzq0+5RvEFlGBBCXPfXm3yGSHGQk="
}
},
"last_commit_hash": "PiCAPoXY18mOrOsi+/ngCDWF2fyTYVYz54kV74fJl+s=",
"data_hash": "PS+gr4pphuFkMVK8C6NzjbuYHqG3Eop4M4B4pvxAkqw=",
"validators_hash": "mF8rzuSavUuga45BXZMqCOG1sqNX2cZJf/ViVgjxxCg=",
"next_validators_hash": "zchpzRRe3grdEiTOOS+/aO8WxjngeZNlGhE+cxkQ2ZQ=",
"consensus_hash": "DHGkgcYVHl/p32F/XoN09hpJ6geIV5TuqUCt/SmT2f4=",
"app_hash": "WdTmJA2XP/nEOjKSKp9zzdHnk6oqIYfp0f6Rz7v0fzM=",
"last_results_hash": "4upz/IMEvhS3V0IIQLEbyfQhOtjf9klwr3mObDCBivA=",
"evidence_hash": "47DEQpj8HBSa+/TImW+5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU=",
"proposer_address": "0tRY+SCey4yiqrHZngZhG4Eqh5c="
},
"data": {
"txs": [
"CqMBCqABCjcvY29zbW9zLmRpc3RyaWJ1dGlvbi52MWJldGExLk1zZ1dpdGhkcmF3RGVsZWdhdG9yUmV3YXJkEmUKLWNvc21vczFlbHVoY2czZ2c2OXlyZ2ZneHpobXo5YzNnN3E2OGVyZ2p1YXV5cRI0Y29zbW9zdmFsb3BlcjEzMG1kdTlhMGV0bWV1dzUycWZ4azczcG4wZ2E2Z2F3a3hzcmx3ZhJoClAKRgofL2Nvc21vcy5jcnlwdG8uc2VjcDI1NmsxLlB1YktleRIjCiECMuj1gq1yySK0t9md1ewoiHrDF51xQxVfumbIKHHBR/4SBAoCCH8YDxIUCg4KBXVhdG9tEgUxOTk0MBCB1zAaQBIEhgcjMywzIoDOSOSTpsPCh3usuDtINrWTA9QrL5qOYk/smgi8UvxXTFdB9pzwHSIEyG+xtb9v0R1NekPPUvM=",
"CrsBCooBChwvY29zbW9zLmJhbmsudjFiZXRhMS5Nc2dTZW5kEmoKLWNvc21vczE4Y2p3ZWN4Y2c1Mmp6OTVkaHBkZzl1Y3JxM2NjeGYybHV1NjVnNRItY29zbW9zMW1ydHRhOXpjMGRzaDMwdmZkcXZmYW04a3djZ3g2cmdrYW0yam51GgoKBXVhdG9tEgExEixwcnl6bTE4Y2p3ZWN4Y2c1Mmp6OTVkaHBkZzl1Y3JxM2NjeGYybHl2ZG5rOBJnClAKRgofL2Nvc21vcy5jcnlwdG8uc2VjcDI1NmsxLlB1YktleRIjCiECjHhA4pLCWWUbidhR9yMjsBSUnSRHSrCcmuDFcj3ZMp0SBAoCCH8YAxITCg0KBXVhdG9tEgQxNjkyENqQBBpAMRNaVaMWbdUgfpiRkC9LTB93FMWztlsIaTEk82zIMzZdRch9SqKbiEH433Ar9xyPQUrsM40OUWR+rNTRlXggqw=="
]
},
"evidence": {
"evidence": []
},
"last_commit": {}
},
"sdk_block": {}
}
根据块号获取交易
- 请求示范
- 参数:区块号
curl --location 'https://cosmos-rest.publicnode.com/cosmos/base/tendermint/v1beta1/blocks/20623348'
--data ''
- 返回值
{
"block_id": {
"hash": "Cr9rJ/PdYLz/QJQcS6Q/AJghKbWF6dvWD7LNO8ukpU0=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 1,
"hash": "pxCRahdweihOWcvXUId/8quOkq1iQd9FN5yYOkebCHM="
}
},
"block": {
"header": {
"version": {
"block": "11",
"app": "0"
},
"chain_id": "cosmoshub-4",
"height": "20623348",
"time": "2024-05-28T12:39:29.860619997Z",
"last_block_id": {
"hash": "gbn8ySZ9MLY4Jl/TimgWKts3hiFXmF94ASFDIcT/ybw=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 1,
"hash": "uOn9tB+l+dyJuCLTzq0+5RvEFlGBBCXPfXm3yGSHGQk="
}
},
"last_commit_hash": "PiCAPoXY18mOrOsi+/ngCDWF2fyTYVYz54kV74fJl+s=",
"data_hash": "PS+gr4pphuFkMVK8C6NzjbuYHqG3Eop4M4B4pvxAkqw=",
"validators_hash": "mF8rzuSavUuga45BXZMqCOG1sqNX2cZJf/ViVgjxxCg=",
"next_validators_hash": "zchpzRRe3grdEiTOOS+/aO8WxjngeZNlGhE+cxkQ2ZQ=",
"consensus_hash": "DHGkgcYVHl/p32F/XoN09hpJ6geIV5TuqUCt/SmT2f4=",
"app_hash": "WdTmJA2XP/nEOjKSKp9zzdHnk6oqIYfp0f6Rz7v0fzM=",
"last_results_hash": "4upz/IMEvhS3V0IIQLEbyfQhOtjf9klwr3mObDCBivA=",
"evidence_hash": "47DEQpj8HBSa+/TImW+5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU=",
"proposer_address": "0tRY+SCey4yiqrHZngZhG4Eqh5c="
},
"data": {
"txs": [
"CqMBCqABCjcvY29zbW9zLmRpc3RyaWJ1dGlvbi52MWJldGExLk1zZ1dpdGhkcmF3RGVsZWdhdG9yUmV3YXJkEmUKLWNvc21vczFlbHVoY2czZ2c2OXlyZ2ZneHpobXo5YzNnN3E2OGVyZ2p1YXV5cRI0Y29zbW9zdmFsb3BlcjEzMG1kdTlhMGV0bWV1dzUycWZ4azczcG4wZ2E2Z2F3a3hzcmx3ZhJoClAKRgofL2Nvc21vcy5jcnlwdG8uc2VjcDI1NmsxLlB1YktleRIjCiECMuj1gq1yySK0t9md1ewoiHrDF51xQxVfumbIKHHBR/4SBAoCCH8YDxIUCg4KBXVhdG9tEgUxOTk0MBCB1zAaQBIEhgcjMywzIoDOSOSTpsPCh3usuDtINrWTA9QrL5qOYk/smgi8UvxXTFdB9pzwHSIEyG+xtb9v0R1NekPPUvM=",
"CrsBCooBChwvY29zbW9zLmJhbmsudjFiZXRhMS5Nc2dTZW5kEmoKLWNvc21vczE4Y2p3ZWN4Y2c1Mmp6OTVkaHBkZzl1Y3JxM2NjeGYybHV1NjVnNRItY29zbW9zMW1ydHRhOXpjMGRzaDMwdmZkcXZmYW04a3djZ3g2cmdrYW0yam51GgoKBXVhdG9tEgExEixwcnl6bTE4Y2p3ZWN4Y2c1Mmp6OTVkaHBkZzl1Y3JxM2NjeGYybHl2ZG5rOBJnClAKRgofL2Nvc21vcy5jcnlwdG8uc2VjcDI1NmsxLlB1YktleRIjCiECjHhA4pLCWWUbidhR9yMjsBSUnSRHSrCcmuDFcj3ZMp0SBAoCCH8YAxITCg0KBXVhdG9tEgQxNjkyENqQBBpAMRNaVaMWbdUgfpiRkC9LTB93FMWztlsIaTEk82zIMzZdRch9SqKbiEH433Ar9xyPQUrsM40OUWR+rNTRlXggqw=="
]
},
"evidence": {
"evidence": []
},
"last_commit": {}
},
"sdk_block": {
},
"last_commit": {}
}
}
交易解码
- 请求示范
- 参数:编码的交易
curl --location 'https://cosmos-rest.publicnode.com/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/decode'
--header 'Content-Type: application/json'
--data '{
"tx_bytes": "CrsBCooBChwvY29zbW9zLmJhbmsudjFiZXRhMS5Nc2dTZW5kEmoKLWNvc21vczE4Y2p3ZWN4Y2c1Mmp6OTVkaHBkZzl1Y3JxM2NjeGYybHV1NjVnNRItY29zbW9zMW1ydHRhOXpjMGRzaDMwdmZkcXZmYW04a3djZ3g2cmdrYW0yam51GgoKBXVhdG9tEgExEixwcnl6bTE4Y2p3ZWN4Y2c1Mmp6OTVkaHBkZzl1Y3JxM2NjeGYybHl2ZG5rOBJnClAKRgofL2Nvc21vcy5jcnlwdG8uc2VjcDI1NmsxLlB1YktleRIjCiECjHhA4pLCWWUbidhR9yMjsBSUnSRHSrCcmuDFcj3ZMp0SBAoCCH8YAxITCg0KBXVhdG9tEgQxNjkyENqQBBpAMRNaVaMWbdUgfpiRkC9LTB93FMWztlsIaTEk82zIMzZdRch9SqKbiEH433Ar9xyPQUrsM40OUWR+rNTRlXggqw=="
}'
- 返回值
{
"tx": {
"body": {
"messages": [
{
"@type": "/cosmos.bank.v1beta1.MsgSend",
"from_address": "cosmos18cjwecxcg52jz95dhpdg9ucrq3ccxf2luu65g5",
"to_address": "cosmos1mrtta9zc0dsh30vfdqvfam8kwcgx6rgkam2jnu",
"amount": [
{
"denom": "uatom",
"amount": "1"
}
]
}
],
"memo": "pryzm18cjwecxcg52jz95dhpdg9ucrq3ccxf2lyvdnk8",
"timeout_height": "0",
"extension_options": [],
"non_critical_extension_options": []
},
"auth_info": {
"signer_infos": [
{
"public_key": {
"@type": "/cosmos.crypto.secp256k1.PubKey",
"key": "Aox4QOKSwlllG4nYUfcjI7AUlJ0kR0qwnJrgxXI92TKd"
},
"mode_info": {
"single": {
"mode": "SIGN_MODE_LEGACY_AMINO_JSON"
}
},
"sequence": "3"
}
],
"fee": {
"amount": [
{
"denom": "uatom",
"amount": "1692"
}
],
"gas_limit": "67674",
"payer": "",
"granter": ""
},
"tip": null
},
"signatures": [
"MRNaVaMWbdUgfpiRkC9LTB93FMWztlsIaTEk82zIMzZdRch9SqKbiEH433Ar9xyPQUrsM40OUWR+rNTRlXggqw=="
]
}
}
- 返回值
- from_address: 转出地址
- to_address: 转入地址
- amount:转账金额
- memo:转账备注
- fee:花费的手续费
根据交易 Hash 获取交易信息
- 请求示范
- 参数:交易 Hash
curl --location 'https://cosmos-rest.publicnode.com/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/E798BB4EFBF9495B56733248E46C9AE3C4F7FEA2F1F959E6FC64A7C3E5DD6C56'
- 返回值
{
"tx": {
"body": {
"messages": [
{
"@type": "/cosmos.bank.v1beta1.MsgSend",
"from_address": "cosmos1z79jxnsw64c20upyfu8rfe89pdsel48kfmzjgu",
"to_address": "cosmos1er40wr3v78awxt02k4hq6evl3qjrpd4fkdmmq3",
"amount": [
{
"denom": "uatom",
"amount": "100000"
}
]
}
],
"memo": "1010",
"timeout_height": "0",
"extension_options": [],
"non_critical_extension_options": []
},
- 返回值
- from_address: 转出地址
- to_address: 转入地址
- amount:转账金额
- memo:转账备注
- fee:花费的手续费
广播交易
- 请求示范
- 参数:签名构建的交易
curl --location 'https://cosmos-rest.publicnode.com/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs'
--header 'Content-Type: application/json'
--data ' {"tx_bytes":"CpgBCo8BChwvY29zbW9zLmJhbmsudjFiZXRhMS5Nc2dTZW5kEm8KLWNvc21vczF6NzlqeG5zdzY0YzIwdXB5ZnU4cmZlODlwZHNlbDQ4a2ZtempndRItY29zbW9zMWVyNDB3cjN2Nzhhd3h0MDJrNGhxNmV2bDNxanJwZDRma2RtbXEzGg8KBXVhdG9tEgYxMDAwMDASBDEwMTASZwpQCkYKHy9jb3Ntb3MuY3J5cHRvLnNlY3AyNTZrMS5QdWJLZXkSIwohA26PAcbmjZxcZqsXL/CJgjTHqImZeAJDe85ufR+JFh/BEgQKAggBGAESEwoNCgV1YXRvbRIEMTAwMBDj7AUaQP2sdB0DnYNOGSbHWoRbsEexeRbHEDNnyC4rt7EkVLDUde9xRHYNhda5DOd+q+C/n9O7muLaqvHq/FYifanfz+I=","mode":"BROADCAST_MODE_SYNC"}
'
- 返回值
{
"tx_response": {
"height": "0",
"txhash": "61B11E204823F6D75CED30BD1421884834AD8F69983500B159140891CFBA7B94",
"codespace": "",
"code": 0,
"data": "",
"raw_log": "[]",
"logs": [],
"info": "",
"gas_wanted": "0",
"gas_used": "0",
"tx": null,
"timestamp": "",
"events": []
}
}
中心化钱包开发 / 05
离线地址生成
-
调度签名机生成密钥对,签名机吐出公钥
- 使用公钥匙导出地址
充值逻辑
-
获得最新块高;更新到数据库
-
从数据库中获取上次解析交易的块高做为起始块高,最新块高为截止块高,如果数据库中没有记录,说明需要从头开始扫,起始块高为 0;
-
解析区块里面的交易,to 地址是系统内部的用户地址,说明用户充值,更新交易到数据库中,将交易的状态设置为待确认。
-
所在块的交易过了确认位,将交易状态更新位充值成功并通知业务层。
- 解析到的充值交易需要在钱包的数据库里面维护 account_number 和 sequence, 当然也可以不维护,签名的时候去链上获取
提现逻辑
-
获取离线签名需要的参数,给合适的手续费
-
构建未签名的交易消息摘要,将消息摘要递给签名机签名
-
构建完整的交易并进行序列化
-
发送交易到区块链网络
- 扫链获取到交易之后更新交易状态并上报业务层
归集逻辑
-
将用户地址上的资金转到归集地址,签名流程类似提现
-
发送交易到区块链网络
- 扫链获取到交易之后更新交易状态
转冷逻辑
-
将热钱包地址上的资金转到冷钱包地址,签名流程类似提现
-
发送交易到区块链网络
- 扫链获取到交易之后更新交易状态
冷转热逻辑
-
手动操作转账到热钱包地址
- 扫链获取到交易之后更新交易状态
HD 钱包 / 06
离线地生成和离线签名
参考上面的代码
和链上交互的接口
-
获取账户余额
-
根据地址获取交易记录
-
获取预估手续费
对应代码库:
https://github.com/the-web3/wallet-chain-node
总结 / 07
HD 钱包和交易所钱包不同之处有以下几点:
密钥管理方式不同
-
HD 钱包私钥在本地设备,私钥用户自己控制
- 交易所钱包中心化服务器(CloadHSM, TEE 等),私钥项目方控制
资金存在方式不同
-
HD 资金在用户钱包地址
- 交易所钱包资金在交易所热钱包或者冷钱包里面, 用户提现的时候从交易所热钱包提取
业务逻辑不一致
-
中心化钱包:实时不断扫链更新交易数据和状态
- HD 钱包:根据用户的操作通过请求接口实现业务逻辑
原创文章,作者:guozi,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.sudun.com/ask/82237.html