redis（redis面试题）

哨兵模式

(1) 主从配置

主要：192.168.0.231:16379

来自：192.168.0.232:16379,192.168.0.233:16379

主节点配置：

# Redis 配置文件示例。

#

# 读取Redis配置文件

# 以文件路径作为第一个参数： 开始

#

# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# 请注意，如果需要内存大小，也可以指定units:

# 普通格式如1k 5GB 4M :

#

# 1k=1000 字节

# 1kb=1024 字节

# 1m=1000000 字节

# 1mb=1024*1024 字节

# 1g=1000000000 字节

# 1GB=1024*1024*1024 字节

#

# 单位不区分大小写，因此1GB、1Gb 和1gB 都是相同的。

为了 包含################################

# 此处包含一个或多个其他配置文件。

# 我们需要一个标准模板来连接所有Redis 服务器，但是

# 您可以包含包含文件来自定义每个服务器的某些设置。

# 明智地使用它，因为还有其他文件。

#

# 请注意，选项“include”不能用命令“CONFIG REWRITE”重写。

# 来自管理员或Redis Sentinel。因为Redis总是使用最后处理的那个。

# 如果你想添加行作为配置指令的值，最好包含includes

# 添加到此文件的顶部以避免在运行时覆盖您的配置更改。

#

# 如果您有兴趣使用include 来覆盖配置

# 对于选项，建议使用include作为最后一行。

#

# 包含的路径可能包含通配符。所有与通配符匹配的文件都将被

# 按字母顺序包含。

# 如果包含路径包含通配符但没有文件与其匹配，请小心。

# 服务器启动时，include语句被忽略，不会发生错误

# 因此，包含空通配符文件是安全的。

目录。

#

# 包含/path/to/local.conf

# 包含/path/to/other.conf

# 包含/path/to/fragments/*.conf

#

模块 #####################

# 如果服务器无法加载模块，则在启动时加载模块。

# 可以使用多个加载模块指令。

#

#loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so

#loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so

################################## 通讯网络############## ####################

# 默认情况下，如果没有指定“bind”配置指令，Redis 会监听

# 用于来自主机上所有可用网络接口的连接。

您可以使用# 来仅侦听一个或多个选定的接口。

# \’bind\’ 配置指令后跟一个或多个IP 地址。

# 每个地址前面可以有一个“-”。这意味着redis不会失败。

# 如果地址不可用则启动。

# 与网络接口不对应的地址。

# 如果已在使用则总是失败，如果不支持的协议则总是失败

# 默默跳过。

#

#Examples:

#

# Bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1 # 监听两个特定的IPv4地址

# bind 127.0.0.1 :1 # 监听环回IPv4 和IPv6

#绑定*-:*#所有可用接口以及默认接口

#

# ~~~ 警告~~~ 运行Redis的计算机

# 绑定到互联网，所有接口都是危险的，

# 所以默认情况下，取消实例的注释。

# 遵循绑定指令，强制Redis 仅监听它。

# IPv4和IPv6（如果可用）环回接口地址（这意味着Redis）

# 只能接受来自同一主机的客户端连接

跑步）。

#

# 如果你确实希望你的实例监听所有接口

# 注释掉以下行。

#

# 除非您明确禁用保护，否则您还必须设置密码

模式。

# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

#绑定127.0.0.1 -:1

绑定0.0.0.0

# 默认情况下，传出连接（副本到主站、哨兵到

# 实例、集群总线等）不绑定到特定的本地地址。

# 在大多数情况下，这意味着操作系统根据以下条件处理路由

# 以及连接源自的接口。

#

您可以使用#bind-source-addr 配置绑定特定地址

# to，这也会影响连接的路由方式。

#

#示例：

#

# 绑定源地址10.0.0.1

# 保护模式是避免这种情况的一层安全保护。

# 在互联网上保持开放的Redis 实例可以被访问和利用。

#

# 如果保护模式开启并且默认用户没有密码，服务器将

# IPv4地址（127.0.0.1），仅接受来自IPv6地址的本地连接

# (:1) 或Unix 域套接字。

#

# 仅当默认启用保护模式时才应禁用。

# 我们希望其他主机上的客户端能够连接到Redis

# 即使没有配置身份验证。

保护模式是

# Redis 使用默认的增强安全配置指令

# 无辜用户的攻击面因此，需要一些敏感配置。

# 指令是不可变的，一些潜在危险的命令被阻止。

#

# 控制Redis 写入哪些文件的配置指令（例如\’dir\’

# 和\’dbfilename\’)，通常在运行时不会更改

# 通过使其不可变来受到保护。

#

# 可以但通常不会增加Redis 攻击面的命令

# 用户调用的呼叫默认被阻止。

#

# 这些可以配置为向所有连接或仅本地连接公开。

# 将下面列出的每个配置设置为这些值之一：

#

# no – 阻止任何连接（保持不变）

# yes – 允许任何连接（无保护）

# local – 只允许来自的本地连接。

# IPv4 地址(127.0.0.1)、IPv6 地址(:1) 或Unix 域套接字。

#

#enable-protected-configs 否

# 启用调试命令否

# 启用模块命令号

# 接受指定端口上的连接。默认值为6379 (IANA #815344)。

# 如果指定端口0，Redis将不会监听TCP套接字。

端口16379

# TCP Listen() 积压。

#

# 每秒请求数较高的环境需要较高的积压

# 避免客户端连接速度慢的问题。小心Linux 内核。

# 静默截断为/proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn的值，所以

# 确保增加somaxconn 和tcp_max_syn_backlog 值

# 得到想要的效果。

TCP 积压511

# Unix 套接字。

#

# 指定用于监听的Unix套接字的路径

# 传入连接。没有默认值，所以Redis不会监听。

# 如果未指定，则在UNIX 套接字上。

#

# unixsocket /run/redis.sock

#unixsocketperm 700

# 客户端空闲N秒后关闭连接（0为禁用）

超时0

#TCP 保持活动状态。

#

# 如果非零，则使用SO_KEEPALIVE 向不在办公室的客户端发送TCP ACK

这很有用，有两个原因。

#

# 1) 检测失效的节点。

# 2) 强制中间网络设备考虑连接。

#还活着。

#

# 在Linux上，指定的值（以秒为单位）是用于发送ACK的周期。

# 请注意，关闭连接需要两倍的时间。

# 对于其他内核，该周期取决于内核配置。

#

# 此选项的最佳值是300 秒。这是一个新的值。

# Redis 自Redis 3.2.1 起默认。

TCP 保活300

# 应用特定于操作系统的机制将侦听套接字标记为指定的

# 支持ID、高级路由和过滤功能。

#

# 在Linux上，ID代表连接标记。

# 在FreeBSD 上，ID 表示套接字cookie ID。

# 在OpenBSD上，ID表示路由表ID。

#

# 默认值为0，表示不需要标记。

# 套接字标记ID 0

############################## TLS/SSL ##############

# 默认情况下，TLS/SSL 处于禁用状态。启用此功能需要“tls-port”配置。

您可以使用# 指令定义TLS 侦听端口。

# 默认端口，使用：

#

# 端口0

#tls-端口6379

# 配置用于认证的X.509证书和私钥。

# 从服务器到连接的客户端、主节点或集群对等点的这些文件如下所示：

# PEM 格式。

#

#tls-cert-文件redis.crt

# tls 密钥文件redis.key

#

# 如果您的密钥文件使用密码加密，您可以将其包含在此处

相似地。

#

# tls-keyfile-pathsecret

# 通常，Redis 对两个服务器功能使用（并接受）相同的证书

# 连接）和客户端功能（从主服务器复制，建立）

# 集群总线连接等）。

#

# 颁发的证书可以带有指定证书的属性，如下所示：

# 在这种情况下，可能需要使用仅客户端或仅服务器证书。

# 入站（服务器）和出站（客户端）使用不同的证书

为此，请使用以下指令：

#

# tls-客户端-证书-文件client.crt

# tls-客户端密钥文件client.key

#

# 如果您的密钥文件使用密码加密，您可以将其包含在此处

相似地。

#

#tls – 客户端密钥文件路径秘密

# 配置DH参数文件，使能DH密钥交换。

# 对于旧版本的OpenSSL (3.0) 是必需的。新版本中不需要。

# 不推荐此配置。

#

# tls-dh-params-文件redis.dh

# 配置用于验证TLS/SSL 的CA 证书捆绑包或目录

# Redis 客户端和对等点至少需要一项显式配置。

# 其中并不隐式使用系统范围的配置。

#

# tls-ca-cert-文件ca.crt

# tls-ca-cert-dir /etc/ssl/certs

# 默认情况下，TLS 端口需要客户端（包括副本服务器）

# 使用有效的客户端证书进行身份验证。

#

# 如果指定“no”，则不需要客户端证书并且不会被接受。

# 如果指定“可选”，则接受并且必须接受客户端证书。

# 如果指定则有效，但不是必需的。

#
# tls-auth-clients no
# tls-auth-clients optional
# By default, a Redis replica does not attempt to establish a TLS connection
# with its master.
#
# Use the following directive to enable TLS on replication links.
#
# tls-replication yes
# By default, the Redis Cluster bus uses a plain TCP connection. To enable
# TLS for the bus protocol, use the following directive:
#
# tls-cluster yes
# By default, only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3 are enabled and it is highly recommended
# that older formally deprecated versions are kept disabled to reduce the attack surface.
# You can explicitly specify TLS versions to support.
# Allowed values are case insensitive and include \”TLSv1\”, \”TLSv1.1\”, \”TLSv1.2\”,
# \”TLSv1.3\” (OpenSSL >= 1.1.1) or any combination.
# To enable only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3, use:
#
# tls-protocols \”TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3\”
# Configure allowed ciphers. See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information
# about the syntax of this string.
#
# Note: this configuration applies only to <= TLSv1.2.
#
# tls-ciphers DEFAULT:!MEDIUM
# Configure allowed TLSv1.3 ciphersuites. See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more
# information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3
# ciphersuites.
#
# tls-ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256
# When choosing a cipher, use the server\’s preference instead of the client
# preference. By default, the server follows the client\’s preference.
#
# tls-prefer-server-ciphers yes
# By default, TLS session caching is enabled to allow faster and less expensive
# reconnections by clients that support it. Use the following directive to disable
# caching.
#
# tls-session-caching no
# Change the default number of TLS sessions cached. A zero value sets the cache
# to unlimited size. The default size is 20480.
#
# tls-session-cache-size 5000
# Change the default timeout of cached TLS sessions. The default timeout is 300
# seconds.
#
# tls-session-cache-timeout 60
################################# GENERAL #####################################
# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use \’yes\’ if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
# When Redis is supervised by upstart or systemd, this parameter has no impact.
daemonize yes
# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
# supervised no – no supervision interaction
# supervised upstart – signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
# requires \”expect stop\” in your upstart job config
# supervised systemd – signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
# on startup, and updating Redis status on a regular
# basis.
# supervised auto – detect upstart or systemd method based on
# UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal \”process is ready.\”
# They do not enable continuous pings back to your supervisor.
#
# The default is \”no\”. To run under upstart/systemd, you can simply uncomment
# the line below:
#
# supervised auto
# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to \”/var/run/redis.pid\”.
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
#
# Note that on modern Linux systems \”/run/redis.pid\” is more conforming
# and should be used instead.
pidfile /home/czh/redis_service/redis_16379.pid
# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice
# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
# logfile \”\”
logfile \”/home/czh/redis_service/redis.log\”
# To enable logging to the system logger, just set \’syslog-enabled\’ to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no
# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis
# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0
# To disable the built in crash log, which will possibly produce cleaner core
# dumps when they are needed, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-log-enabled no
# To disable the fast memory check that\’s run as part of the crash log, which
# will possibly let redis terminate sooner, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-memcheck-enabled no
# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and \’databases\’-1
databases 16
# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY and syslog logging is
# disabled. Basically this means that normally a logo is displayed only in
# interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo no
# By default, Redis modifies the process title (as seen in \’top\’ and \’ps\’) to
# provide some runtime information. It is possible to disable this and leave
# the process name as executed by setting the following to no.
set-proc-title yes
# When changing the process title, Redis uses the following template to construct
# the modified title.
#
# Template variables are specified in curly brackets. The following variables are
# supported:
#
# {title} Name of process as executed if parent, or type of child process.
# {listen-addr} Bind address or \’*\’ followed by TCP or TLS port listening on, or
# Unix socket if only that\’s available.
# {server-mode} Special mode, i.e. \”[sentinel]\” or \”[cluster]\”.
# {port} TCP port listening on, or 0.
# {tls-port} TLS port listening on, or 0.
# {unixsocket} Unix domain socket listening on, or \”\”.
# {config-file} Name of configuration file used.
#
proc-title-template \”{title} {listen-addr} {server-mode}\”
################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################
# Save the DB to disk.
#
# save <seconds> <changes> [<seconds> <changes> …]
#
# Redis will save the DB if the given number of seconds elapsed and it
# surpassed the given number of write operations against the DB.
#
# Snapshotting can be completely disabled with a single empty string argument
# as in following example:
#
# save \”\”
#
# Unless specified otherwise, by default Redis will save the DB:
# * After 3600 seconds (an hour) if at least 1 change was performed
# * After 300 seconds (5 minutes) if at least 100 changes were performed
# * After 60 seconds if at least 10000 changes were performed
#
# You can set these explicitly by uncommenting the following line.
#
# save 3600 1 300 100 60 10000
# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# By default compression is enabled as it\’s almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to \’no\’ but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes
# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes
# Enables or disables full sanitization checks for ziplist and listpack etc when
# loading an RDB or RESTORE payload. This reduces the chances of a assertion or
# crash later on while processing commands.
# Options:
# no – Never perform full sanitization
# yes – Always perform full sanitization
# clients – Perform full sanitization only for user connections.
# Excludes: RDB files, RESTORE commands received from the master
# connection, and client connections which have the
# skip-sanitize-payload ACL flag.
# The default should be \’clients\’ but since it currently affects cluster
# resharding via MIGRATE, it is temporarily set to \’no\’ by default.
#
# sanitize-dump-payload no
# The filename where to dump the DB
# dbfilename dump.rdb
dbfilename \”dump.rdb\”
# Remove RDB files used by replication in instances without persistence
# enabled. By default this option is disabled, however there are environments
# where for regulations or other security concerns, RDB files persisted on
# disk by masters in order to feed replicas, or stored on disk by replicas
# in order to load them for the initial synchronization, should be deleted
# ASAP. Note that this option ONLY WORKS in instances that have both AOF
# and RDB persistence disabled, otherwise is completely ignored.
#
# An alternative (and sometimes better) way to obtain the same effect is
# to use diskless replication on both master and replicas instances. However
# in the case of replicas, diskless is not always an option.
rdb-del-sync-files no
# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the \’dbfilename\’ configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir /home/czh/redis_service/
################################# REPLICATION #################################
# Master-Replica replication. Use replicaof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
# +——————+ +—————+
# | Master | —> | Replica |
# | (receive writes) | | (exact copy) |
# +——————+ +—————+
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
# stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
# a given number of replicas.
# 2) Redis replicas are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
# master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
# time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
# sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
# network partition replicas automatically try to reconnect to masters
# and resynchronize with them.
#
# replicaof <masterip> <masterport>
# If the master is password protected (using the \”requirepass\” configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the replica request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>
#
# However this is not enough if you are using Redis ACLs (for Redis version
# 6 or greater), and the default user is not capable of running the PSYNC
# command and/or other commands needed for replication. In this case it\’s
# better to configure a special user to use with replication, and specify the
# masteruser configuration as such:
#
# masteruser <username>
#
# When masteruser is specified, the replica will authenticate against its
# master using the new AUTH form: AUTH <username> <password>.
# When a replica loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the replica can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if replica-serve-stale-data is set to \’yes\’ (the default) the replica will
# still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
# data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) If replica-serve-stale-data is set to \’no\’ the replica will reply with error
# \”MASTERDOWN Link with MASTER is down and replica-serve-stale-data is set to \’no\’\”
# to all data access commands, excluding commands such as:
# INFO, REPLICAOF, AUTH, SHUTDOWN, REPLCONF, ROLE, CONFIG, SUBSCRIBE,
# UNSUBSCRIBE, PSUBSCRIBE, PUNSUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, PUBSUB, COMMAND, POST,
# HOST and LATENCY.
#
replica-serve-stale-data yes
# You can configure a replica instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a replica instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a replica will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default replicas are read-only.
#
# Note: read only replicas are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It\’s just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only replica exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only replicas using \’rename-command\’ to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
replica-read-only yes
# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# New replicas and reconnecting replicas that are not able to continue the
# replication process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a
# \”full synchronization\”. An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the
# replicas.
#
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
# file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
# process to the replicas incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
# RDB file to replica sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more replicas
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child
# producing the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead
# once the transfer starts, new replicas arriving will be queued and a new
# transfer will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple
# replicas will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
#
# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
# works better.
repl-diskless-sync yes
# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
# to the replicas.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new replicas arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the
# server waits a delay in order to let more replicas arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
# When diskless replication is enabled with a delay, it is possible to let
# the replication start before the maximum delay is reached if the maximum
# number of replicas expected have connected. Default of 0 means that the
# maximum is not defined and Redis will wait the full delay.
repl-diskless-sync-max-replicas 0
# —————————————————————————–
# WARNING: RDB diskless load is experimental. Since in this setup the replica
# does not immediately store an RDB on disk, it may cause data loss during
# failovers. RDB diskless load + Redis modules not handling I/O reads may also
# cause Redis to abort in case of I/O errors during the initial synchronization
# stage with the master. Use only if you know what you are doing.
# —————————————————————————–
#
# Replica can load the RDB it reads from the replication link directly from the
# socket, or store the RDB to a file and read that file after it was completely
# received from the master.
#
# In many cases the disk is slower than the network, and storing and loading
# the RDB file may increase replication time (and even increase the master\’s
# Copy on Write memory and replica buffers).
# However, parsing the RDB file directly from the socket may mean that we have
# to flush the contents of the current database before the full rdb was
# received. For this reason we have the following options:
#
# \”disabled\” – Don\’t use diskless load (store the rdb file to the disk first)
# \”on-empty-db\” – Use diskless load only when it is completely safe.
# \”swapdb\” – Keep current db contents in RAM while parsing the data directly
# from the socket. Replicas in this mode can keep serving current
# data set while replication is in progress, except for cases where
# they can\’t recognize master as having a data set from same
# replication history.
# Note that this requires sufficient memory, if you don\’t have it,
# you risk an OOM kill.
repl-diskless-load disabled
# Master send PINGs to its replicas in a predefined interval. It\’s possible to
# change this interval with the repl_ping_replica_period option. The default
# value is 10 seconds.
#
# repl-ping-replica-period 10
# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of replica.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of replicas (data, pings).
# 3) Replica timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-replica-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the replica. The default
# value is 60 seconds.
#
# repl-timeout 60
# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the replica socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select \”yes\” Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to replicas. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the replica side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select \”no\” the delay for data to appear on the replica side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and replicas are many hops away, turning this to \”yes\” may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
# replica data when replicas are disconnected for some time, so that when a
# replica wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a
# partial resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the replica
# missed while disconnected.
#
# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the replica can endure the
# disconnect and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
#
# The backlog is only allocated if there is at least one replica connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb
# After a master has no connected replicas for some time, the backlog will be
# freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that need to
# elapse, starting from the time the last replica disconnected, for the backlog
# buffer to be freed.
#
# Note that replicas never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be
# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly \”partially
# resynchronize\” with other replicas: hence they should always accumulate backlog.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600
# The replica priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO
# output. It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a replica to promote
# into a master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A replica with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three replicas with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel
# will pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the replica as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a replica with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
replica-priority 100
# The propagation error behavior controls how Redis will behave when it is
# unable to handle a command being processed in the replication stream from a master
# or processed while reading from an AOF file. Errors that occur during propagation
# are unexpected, and can cause data inconsistency. However, there are edge cases
# in earlier versions of Redis where it was possible for the server to replicate or persist
# commands that would fail on future versions. For this reason the default behavior
# is to ignore such errors and continue processing commands.
#
# If an application wants to ensure there is no data divergence, this configuration
# should be set to \’panic\’ instead. The value can also be set to \’panic-on-replicas\’
# to only panic when a replica encounters an error on the replication stream. One of
# these two panic values will become the default value in the future once there are
# sufficient safety mechanisms in place to prevent false positive crashes.
#
# propagation-error-behavior ignore
# Replica ignore disk write errors controls the behavior of a replica when it is
# unable to persist a write command received from its master to disk. By default,
# this configuration is set to \’no\’ and will crash the replica in this condition.
# It is not recommended to change this default, however in order to be compatible
# with older versions of Redis this config can be toggled to \’yes\’ which will just
# log a warning and execute the write command it got from the master.
#
# replica-ignore-disk-write-errors no
# —————————————————————————–
# By default, Redis Sentinel includes all replicas in its reports. A replica
# can be excluded from Redis Sentinel\’s announcements. An unannounced replica
# will be ignored by the \’sentinel replicas <master>\’ command and won\’t be
# exposed to Redis Sentinel\’s clients.
#
# This option does not change the behavior of replica-priority. Even with
# replica-announced set to \’no\’, the replica can be promoted to master. To
# prevent this behavior, set replica-priority to 0.
#
# replica-announced yes
# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N replicas connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N replicas need to be in \”online\” state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the replica, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough replicas
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 replicas with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-replicas-to-write 3
# min-replicas-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-replicas-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-replicas-max-lag is set to 10.
# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached
# replicas in different ways. For example the \”INFO replication\” section
# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by
# Redis Sentinel in order to discover replica instances.
# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the
# \”ROLE\” command of a master.
#
# The listed IP address and port normally reported by a replica is
# obtained in the following way:
#
# IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address
# of the socket used by the replica to connect with the master.
#
# Port: The port is communicated by the replica during the replication
# handshake, and is normally the port that the replica is using to
# listen for connections.
#
# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is
# used, the replica may actually be reachable via different IP and port
# pairs. The following two options can be used by a replica in order to
# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO
# and ROLE will report those values.
#
# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just
# the port or the IP address.
#
# replica-announce-ip 5.5.5.5
# replica-announce-port 1234
############################### KEYS TRACKING #################################
# Redis implements server assisted support for client side caching of values.
# This is implemented using an invalidation table that remembers, using
# a radix key indexed by key name, what clients have which keys. In turn
# this is used in order to send invalidation messages to clients. Please
# check this page to understand more about the feature:
#
# https://redis.io/topics/client-side-caching
#
# When tracking is enabled for a client, all the read only queries are assumed
# to be cached: this will force Redis to store information in the invalidation
# table. When keys are modified, such information is flushed away, and
# invalidation messages are sent to the clients. However if the workload is
# heavily dominated by reads, Redis could use more and more memory in order
# to track the keys fetched by many clients.
#
# For this reason it is possible to configure a maximum fill value for the
# invalidation table. By default it is set to 1M of keys, and once this limit
# is reached, Redis will start to evict keys in the invalidation table
# even if they were not modified, just to reclaim memory: this will in turn
# force the clients to invalidate the cached values. Basically the table
# maximum size is a trade off between the memory you want to spend server
# side to track information about who cached what, and the ability of clients
# to retain cached objects in memory.
#
# If you set the value to 0, it means there are no limits, and Redis will
# retain as many keys as needed in the invalidation table.
# In the \”stats\” INFO section, you can find information about the number of
# keys in the invalidation table at every given moment.
#
# Note: when key tracking is used in broadcasting mode, no memory is used
# in the server side so this setting is useless.
#
# tracking-table-max-keys 1000000
################################## SECURITY ###################################
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast, an outside user can try up to
# 1 million passwords per second against a modern box. This means that you
# should use very strong passwords, otherwise they will be very easy to break.
# Note that because the password is really a shared secret between the client
# and the server, and should not be memorized by any human, the password
# can be easily a long string from /dev/urandom or whatever, so by using a
# long and unguessable password no brute force attack will be possible.
# Redis ACL users are defined in the following format:
#
# user <username> … acl rules …
#
# For example:
#
# user worker +@list +@connection ~jobs:* on >ffa9203c493aa99
#
# The special username \”default\” is used for new connections. If this user
# has the \”nopass\” rule, then new connections will be immediately authenticated
# as the \”default\” user without the need of any password provided via the
# AUTH command. Otherwise if the \”default\” user is not flagged with \”nopass\”
# the connections will start in not authenticated state, and will require
# AUTH (or the HELLO command AUTH option) in order to be authenticated and
# start to work.
#
# The ACL rules that describe what a user can do are the following:
#
# on Enable the user: it is possible to authenticate as this user.
# off Disable the user: it\’s no longer possible to authenticate
# with this user, however the already authenticated connections
# will still work.
# skip-sanitize-payload RESTORE dump-payload sanitization is skipped.
# sanitize-payload RESTORE dump-payload is sanitized (default).
# +<command> Allow the execution of that command.
# May be used with `|` for allowing subcommands (e.g \”+config|get\”)
# -<command> Disallow the execution of that command.
# May be used with `|` for blocking subcommands (e.g \”-config|set\”)
# +@<category> Allow the execution of all the commands in such category
# with valid categories are like @admin, @set, @sortedset, …
# and so forth, see the full list in the server.c file where
# the Redis command table is described and defined.
# The special category @all means all the commands, but currently
# present in the server, and that will be loaded in the future
# via modules.
# +<command>|first-arg Allow a specific first argument of an otherwise
# disabled command. It is only supported on commands with
# no sub-commands, and is not allowed as negative form
# like -SELECT|1, only additive starting with \”+\”. This
# feature is deprecated and may be removed in the future.
# allcommands Alias for +@all. Note that it implies the ability to execute
# all the future commands loaded via the modules system.
# nocommands Alias for -@all.
# ~<pattern> Add a pattern of keys that can be mentioned as part of
# commands. For instance ~* allows all the keys. The pattern
# is a glob-style pattern like the one of KEYS.
# It is possible to specify multiple patterns.
# %R~<pattern> Add key read pattern that specifies which keys can be read
# from.
# %W~<pattern> Add key write pattern that specifies which keys can be
# written to.
# allkeys Alias for ~*
# resetkeys Flush the list of allowed keys patterns.
# &<pattern> Add a glob-style pattern of Pub/Sub channels that can be
# accessed by the user. It is possible to specify multiple channel
# patterns.
# allchannels Alias for &*
# resetchannels Flush the list of allowed channel patterns.
# ><password> Add this password to the list of valid password for the user.
# For example >mypass will add \”mypass\” to the list.
# This directive clears the \”nopass\” flag (see later).
# <<password> Remove this password from the list of valid passwords.
# nopass All the set passwords of the user are removed, and the user
# is flagged as requiring no password: it means that every
# password will work against this user. If this directive is
# used for the default user, every new connection will be
# immediately authenticated with the default user without
# any explicit AUTH command required. Note that the \”resetpass\”
# directive will clear this condition.
# resetpass Flush the list of allowed passwords. Moreover removes the
# \”nopass\” status. After \”resetpass\” the user has no associated
# passwords and there is no way to authenticate without adding
# some password (or setting it as \”nopass\” later).
# reset Performs the following actions: resetpass, resetkeys, off,
# -@all. The user returns to the same state it has immediately
# after its creation.
# (<options>) Create a new selector with the options specified within the
# parentheses and attach it to the user. Each option should be
# space separated. The first character must be ( and the last
# character must be ).
# clearselectors Remove all of the currently attached selectors.
# Note this does not change the \”root\” user permissions,
# which are the permissions directly applied onto the
# user (outside the parentheses).
#
# ACL rules can be specified in any order: for instance you can start with
# passwords, then flags, or key patterns. However note that the additive
# and subtractive rules will CHANGE MEANING depending on the ordering.
# For instance see the following example:
#
# user alice on +@all -DEBUG ~* >somepassword
#
# This will allow \”alice\” to use all the commands with the exception of the
# DEBUG command, since +@all added all the commands to the set of the commands
# alice can use, and later DEBUG was removed. However if we invert the order
# of two ACL rules the result will be different:
#
# user alice on -DEBUG +@all ~* >somepassword
#
# Now DEBUG was removed when alice had yet no commands in the set of allowed
# commands, later all the commands are added, so the user will be able to
# execute everything.
#
# Basically ACL rules are processed left-to-right.
#
# The following is a list of command categories and their meanings:
# * keyspace – Writing or reading from keys, databases, or their metadata
# in a type agnostic way. Includes DEL, RESTORE, DUMP, RENAME, EXISTS, DBSIZE,
# KEYS, EXPIRE, TTL, FLUSHALL, etc. Commands that may modify the keyspace,
# key or metadata will also have `write` category. Commands that only read
# the keyspace, key or metadata will have the `read` category.
# * read – Reading from keys (values or metadata). Note that commands that don\’t
# interact with keys, will not have either `read` or `write`.
# * write – Writing to keys (values or metadata)
# * admin – Administrative commands. Normal applications will never need to use
# these. Includes REPLICAOF, CONFIG, DEBUG, SAVE, MONITOR, ACL, SHUTDOWN, etc.
# * dangerous – Potentially dangerous (each should be considered with care for
# various reasons). This includes FLUSHALL, MIGRATE, RESTORE, SORT, KEYS,
# CLIENT, DEBUG, INFO, CONFIG, SAVE, REPLICAOF, etc.
# * connection – Commands affecting the connection or other connections.
# This includes AUTH, SELECT, COMMAND, CLIENT, ECHO, PING, etc.
# * blocking – Potentially blocking the connection until released by another
# command.
# * fast – Fast O(1) commands. May loop on the number of arguments, but not the
# number of elements in the key.
# * slow – All commands that are not Fast.
# * pubsub – PUBLISH / SUBSCRIBE related
# * transaction – WATCH / MULTI / EXEC related commands.
# * scripting – Scripting related.
# * set – Data type: sets related.
# * sortedset – Data type: zsets related.
# * list – Data type: lists related.
# * hash – Data type: hashes related.
# * string – Data type: strings related.
# * bitmap – Data type: bitmaps related.
# * hyperloglog – Data type: hyperloglog related.
# * geo – Data type: geo related.
# * stream – Data type: streams related.
#
# For more information about ACL configuration please refer to
# the Redis web site at https://redis.io/topics/acl
# ACL LOG
#
# The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated
# with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked
# by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with
# ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.
acllog-max-len 128
# Using an external ACL file
#
# Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use
# a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:
# if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external
# ACL file, the server will refuse to start.
#
# The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the
# format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.
#
# aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl
# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 \”requirepass\” is just a compatibility
# layer on top of the new ACL system. The option effect will be just setting
# the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using
# AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>
# if they follow the new protocol: both will work.
#
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
#
# requirepass foobared
requirepass 123456
# New users are initialized with restrictive permissions by default, via the
# equivalent of this ACL rule \’off resetkeys -@all\’. Starting with Redis 6.2, it
# is possible to manage access to Pub/Sub channels with ACL rules as well. The
# default Pub/Sub channels permission if new users is controlled by the
# acl-pubsub-default configuration directive, which accepts one of these values:
#
# allchannels: grants access to all Pub/Sub channels
# resetchannels: revokes access to all Pub/Sub channels
#
# From Redis 7.0, acl-pubsub-default defaults to \’resetchannels\’ permission.
#
# acl-pubsub-default resetchannels
# Command renaming (DEPRECATED).
#
# ————————————————————————
# WARNING: avoid using this option if possible. Instead use ACLs to remove
# commands from the default user, and put them only in some admin user you
# create for administrative purposes.
# ————————————————————————
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG \”\”
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to replicas may cause problems.
################################### CLIENTS ####################################
# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error \’max number of clients reached\’.
#
# IMPORTANT: When Redis Cluster is used, the max number of connections is also
# shared with the cluster bus: every node in the cluster will use two
# connections, one incoming and another outgoing. It is important to size the
# limit accordingly in case of very large clusters.
#
# maxclients 10000
############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################
# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can\’t remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to \’noeviction\’, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to
# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the \’noeviction\’ policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have replicas attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the replicas are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of replicas is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short… if you have replicas attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for replica
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is \’noeviction\’).
#
# maxmemory <bytes>
# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
# volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.
# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> Don\’t evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
#
# LRU means Least Recently Used
# LFU means Least Frequently Used
#
# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated
# randomized algorithms.
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, when there are no suitable keys for
# eviction, Redis will return an error on write operations that require
# more memory. These are usually commands that create new keys, add data or
# modify existing keys. A few examples are: SET, INCR, HSET, LPUSH, SUNIONSTORE,
# SORT (due to the STORE argument), and EXEC (if the transaction includes any
# command that requires memory).
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction
# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. By default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used least recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5
# Eviction processing is designed to function well with the default setting.
# If there is an unusually large amount of write traffic, this value may need to
# be increased. Decreasing this value may reduce latency at the risk of
# eviction processing effectiveness
# 0 = minimum latency, 10 = default, 100 = process without regard to latency
#
# maxmemory-eviction-tenacity 10
# Starting from Redis 5, by default a replica will ignore its maxmemory setting
# (unless it is promoted to master after a failover or manually). It means
# that the eviction of keys will be just handled by the master, sending the
# DEL commands to the replica as keys evict in the master side.
#
# This behavior ensures that masters and replicas stay consistent, and is usually
# what you want, however if your replica is writable, or you want the replica
# to have a different memory setting, and you are sure all the writes performed
# to the replica are idempotent, then you may change this default (but be sure
# to understand what you are doing).
#
# Note that since the replica by default does not evict, it may end using more
# memory than the one set via maxmemory (there are certain buffers that may
# be larger on the replica, or data structures may sometimes take more memory
# and so forth). So make sure you monitor your replicas and make sure they
# have enough memory to never hit a real out-of-memory condition before the
# master hits the configured maxmemory setting.
#
# replica-ignore-maxmemory yes
# Redis reclaims expired keys in two ways: upon access when those keys are
# found to be expired, and also in background, in what is called the
# \”active expire key\”. The key space is slowly and interactively scanned
# looking for expired keys to reclaim, so that it is possible to free memory
# of keys that are expired and will never be accessed again in a short time.
#
# The default effort of the expire cycle will try to avoid having more than
# ten percent of expired keys still in memory, and will try to avoid consuming
# more than 25% of total memory and to add latency to the system. However
# it is possible to increase the expire \”effort\” that is normally set to
# \”1\”, to a greater value, up to the value \”10\”. At its maximum value the
# system will use more CPU, longer cycles (and technically may introduce
# more latency), and will tolerate less already expired keys still present
# in the system. It\’s a tradeoff between memory, CPU and latency.
#
# active-expire-effort 1
############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################
# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking
# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands
# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous
# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed
# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other
# O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an
# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for
# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.
#
# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives
# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and
# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands
# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the
# object in the background as fast as possible.
#
# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.
# It\’s up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good
# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to
# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.
# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the
# following scenarios:
#
# 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,
# in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified
# memory limit.
# 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the
# EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.
# 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may
# already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key
# content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE
# or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command
# itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace
# it with the specified string.
# 4) During replication, when a replica performs a full resynchronization with
# its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to
# load the RDB file just transferred.
#
# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,
# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically
# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK
# was called, using the following configuration directives.
lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
replica-lazy-flush no
# It is also possible, for the case when to replace the user code DEL calls
# with UNLINK calls is not easy, to modify the default behavior of the DEL
# command to act exactly like UNLINK, using the following configuration
# directive:
lazyfree-lazy-user-del no
# FLUSHDB, FLUSHALL, SCRIPT FLUSH and FUNCTION FLUSH support both asynchronous and synchronous
# deletion, which can be controlled by passing the [SYNC|ASYNC] flags into the
# commands. When neither flag is passed, this directive will be used to determine
# if the data should be deleted asynchronously.
lazyfree-lazy-user-flush no
################################ THREADED I/O #################################
# Redis is mostly single threaded, however there are certain threaded
# operations such as UNLINK, slow I/O accesses and other things that are
# performed on side threads.
#
# Now it is also possible to handle Redis clients socket reads and writes
# in different I/O threads. Since especially writing is so slow, normally
# Redis users use pipelining in order to speed up the Redis performances per
# core, and spawn multiple instances in order to scale more. Using I/O
# threads it is possible to easily speedup two times Redis without resorting
# to pipelining nor sharding of the instance.
#
# By default threading is disabled, we suggest enabling it only in machines
# that have at least 4 or more cores, leaving at least one spare core.
# Using more than 8 threads is unlikely to help much. We also recommend using
# threaded I/O only if you actually have performance problems, with Redis
# instances being able to use a quite big percentage of CPU time, otherwise
# there is no point in using this feature.
#
# So for instance if you have a four cores boxes, try to use 2 or 3 I/O
# threads, if you have a 8 cores, try to use 6 threads. In order to
# enable I/O threads use the following configuration directive:
#
# io-threads 4
#
# Setting io-threads to 1 will just use the main thread as usual.
# When I/O threads are enabled, we only use threads for writes, that is
# to thread the write(2) syscall and transfer the client buffers to the
# socket. However it is also possible to enable threading of reads and
# protocol parsing using the following configuration directive, by setting
# it to yes:
#
# io-threads-do-reads no
#
# Usually threading reads doesn\’t help much.
#
# NOTE 1: This configuration directive cannot be changed at runtime via
# CONFIG SET. Also, this feature currently does not work when SSL is
# enabled.
#
# NOTE 2: If you want to test the Redis speedup using redis-benchmark, make
# sure you also run the benchmark itself in threaded mode, using the
# –threads option to match the number of Redis threads, otherwise you\’ll not
# be able to notice the improvements.
############################ KERNEL OOM CONTROL ##############################
# On Linux, it is possible to hint the kernel OOM killer on what processes
# should be killed first when out of memory.
#
# Enabling this feature makes Redis actively control the oom_score_adj value
# for all its processes, depending on their role. The default scores will
# attempt to have background child processes killed before all others, and
# replicas killed before masters.
#
# Redis supports these options:
#
# no: Don\’t make changes to oom-score-adj (default).
# yes: Alias to \”relative\” see below.
# absolute: Values in oom-score-adj-values are written as is to the kernel.
# relative: Values are used relative to the initial value of oom_score_adj when
# the server starts and are then clamped to a range of -1000 to 1000.
# Because typically the initial value is 0, they will often match the
# absolute values.
oom-score-adj no
# When oom-score-adj is used, this directive controls the specific values used
# for master, replica and background child processes. Values range -2000 to
# 2000 (higher means more likely to be killed).
#
# Unprivileged processes (not root, and without CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capabilities)
# can freely increase their value, but not decrease it below its initial
# settings. This means that setting oom-score-adj to \”relative\” and setting the
# oom-score-adj-values to positive values will always succeed.
oom-score-adj-values 0 200 800
#################### KERNEL transparent hugepage CONTROL ######################
# Usually the kernel Transparent Huge Pages control is set to \”madvise\” or
# or \”never\” by default (/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled), in which
# case this config has no effect. On systems in which it is set to \”always\”,
# redis will attempt to disable it specifically for the redis process in order
# to avoid latency problems specifically with fork(2) and CoW.
# If for some reason you prefer to keep it enabled, you can set this config to
# \”no\” and the kernel global to \”always\”.
disable-thp yes
############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check https://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.
appendonly no
# The base name of the append only file.
#
# Redis 7 and newer use a set of append-only files to persist the dataset
# and changes applied to it. There are two basic types of files in use:
#
# – Base files, which are a snapshot representing the complete state of the
# dataset at the time the file was created. Base files can be either in
# the form of RDB (binary serialized) or AOF (textual commands).
# – Incremental files, which contain additional commands that were applied
# to the dataset following the previous file.
#
# In addition, manifest files are used to track the files and the order in
# which they were created and should be applied.
#
# Append-only file names are created by Redis following a specific pattern.
# The file name\’s prefix is based on the \’appendfilename\’ configuration
# parameter, followed by additional information about the sequence and type.
#
# For example, if appendfilename is set to appendonly.aof, the following file
# names could be derived:
#
# – appendonly.aof.1.base.rdb as a base file.
# – appendonly.aof.1.incr.aof, appendonly.aof.2.incr.aof as incremental files.
# – appendonly.aof.manifest as a manifest file.
appendfilename \”appendonly.aof\”
# For convenience, Redis stores all persistent append-only files in a dedicated
# directory. The name of the directory is determined by the appenddirname
# configuration parameter.
appenddirname \”appenddirname\”
# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don\’t fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is \”everysec\”, as that\’s usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It\’s up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# \”no\” that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that\’s snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use \”always\” that\’s very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use \”everysec\”.
# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it\’s possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as \”appendfsync no\”. In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to \”yes\”. Otherwise leave it as
# \”no\” that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can\’t happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the \”redis-check-aof\” utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes
# Redis can create append-only base files in either RDB or AOF formats. Using
# the RDB format is always faster and more efficient, and disabling it is only
# supported for backward compatibility purposes.
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes
# Redis supports recording timestamp annotations in the AOF to support restoring
# the data from a specific point-in-time. However, using this capability changes
# the AOF format in a way that may not be compatible with existing AOF parsers.
aof-timestamp-enabled no
################################ SHUTDOWN #####################################
# Maximum time to wait for replicas when shutting down, in seconds.
#
# During shut down, a grace period allows any lagging replicas to catch up with
# the latest replication offset before the master exists. This period can
# prevent data loss, especially for deployments without configured disk backups.
#
# The \’shutdown-timeout\’ value is the grace period\’s duration in seconds. It is
# only applicable when the instance has replicas. To disable the feature, set
# the value to 0.
#
# shutdown-timeout 10
# When Redis receives a SIGINT or SIGTERM, shutdown is initiated and by default
# an RDB snapshot is written to disk in a blocking operation if save points are configured.
# The options used on signaled shutdown can include the following values:
# default: Saves RDB snapshot only if save points are configured.
# Waits for lagging replicas to catch up.
# save: Forces a DB saving operation even if no save points are configured.
# nosave: Prevents DB saving operation even if one or more save points are configured.
# now: Skips waiting for lagging replicas.
# force: Ignores any errors that would normally prevent the server from exiting.
#
# Any combination of values is allowed as long as \”save\” and \”nosave\” are not set simultaneously.
# Example: \”nosave force now\”
#
# shutdown-on-sigint default
# shutdown-on-sigterm default
################ NON-DETERMINISTIC LONG BLOCKING COMMANDS #####################
# Maximum time in milliseconds for EVAL scripts, functions and in some cases
# modules\’ commands before Redis can start processing or rejecting other clients.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will start to reply to most
# commands with a BUSY error.
#
# In this state Redis will only allow a handful of commands to be executed.
# For instance, SCRIPT KILL, FUNCTION KILL, SHUTDOWN NOSAVE and possibly some
# module specific \’allow-busy\’ commands.
#
# SCRIPT KILL and FUNCTION KILL will only be able to stop a script that did not
# yet call any write commands, so SHUTDOWN NOSAVE may be the only way to stop
# the server in the case a write command was already issued by the script when
# the user doesn\’t want to wait for the natural termination of the script.
#
# The default is 5 seconds. It is possible to set it to 0 or a negative value
# to disable this mechanism (uninterrupted execution). Note that in the past
# this config had a different name, which is now an alias, so both of these do
# the same:
# lua-time-limit 5000
# busy-reply-threshold 5000
################################ REDIS CLUSTER ###############################
# Normal Redis instances can\’t be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
# cluster-enabled yes
cluster-enabled no
# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf
# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are a multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000
# The cluster port is the port that the cluster bus will listen for inbound connections on. When set
# to the default value, 0, it will be bound to the command port + 10000. Setting this value requires
# you to specify the cluster bus port when executing cluster meet.
# cluster-port 0
# A replica of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a replica to actually have an exact measure of
# its \”data age\”, so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple replicas able to failover, they exchange messages
# in order to try to give an advantage to the replica with the best
# replication offset (more data from the master processed).
# Replicas will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
# of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single replica computes the time of the last interaction with
# its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
# is still in the \”connected\” state), or the time that elapsed since the
# disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
# If the last interaction is too old, the replica will not try to failover
# at all.
#
# The point \”2\” can be tuned by user. Specifically a replica will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
# (node-timeout * cluster-replica-validity-factor) + repl-ping-replica-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-replica-period of 10 seconds, the
# replica will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large cluster-replica-validity-factor may allow replicas with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a replica at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that replicas will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they\’ll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-replica-validity-factor 10
# Cluster replicas are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working replicas. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can\’t be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working replicas.
#
# Replicas migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working replicas for their old master. This number
# is the \”migration barrier\”. A migration barrier of 1 means that a replica
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working replica for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of replicas you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (replicas migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one replica). To disable migration just set it to a very large value or
# set cluster-allow-replica-migration to \’no\’.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1
# Turning off this option allows to use less automatic cluster configuration.
# It both disables migration to orphaned masters and migration from masters
# that became empty.
#
# Default is \’yes\’ (allow automatic migrations).
#
# cluster-allow-replica-migration yes
# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
# is at least a hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
#
# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
# option to no.
#
# cluster-require-full-coverage yes
# This option, when set to yes, prevents replicas from trying to failover its
# master during master failures. However the replica can still perform a
# manual failover, if forced to do so.
#
# This is useful in different scenarios, especially in the case of multiple
# data center operations, where we want one side to never be promoted if not
# in the case of a total DC failure.
#
# cluster-replica-no-failover no
# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve read traffic while the
# cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful for two cases. The first case is for when an application
# doesn\’t require consistency of data during node failures or network partitions.
# One example of this is a cache, where as long as the node has the data it
# should be able to serve it.
#
# The second use case is for configurations that don\’t meet the recommended
# three shards but want to enable cluster mode and scale later. A
# master outage in a 1 or 2 shard configuration causes a read/write outage to the
# entire cluster without this option set, with it set there is only a write outage.
# Without a quorum of masters, slot ownership will not change automatically.
#
# cluster-allow-reads-when-down no
# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve pubsub shard traffic while
# the cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful if the application would like to use the pubsub feature even when
# the cluster global stable state is not OK. If the application wants to make sure only
# one shard is serving a given channel, this feature should be kept as yes.
#
# cluster-allow-pubsubshard-when-down yes
# Cluster link send buffer limit is the limit on the memory usage of an individual
# cluster bus link\’s send buffer in bytes. Cluster links would be freed if they exceed
# this limit. This is to primarily prevent send buffers from growing unbounded on links
# toward slow peers (E.g. PubSub messages being piled up).
# This limit is disabled by default. Enable this limit when \’mem_cluster_links\’ INFO field
# and/or \’send-buffer-allocated\’ entries in the \’CLUSTER LINKS` command output continuously increase.
# Minimum limit of 1gb is recommended so that cluster link buffer can fit in at least a single
# PubSub message by default. (client-query-buffer-limit default value is 1gb)
#
# cluster-link-sendbuf-limit 0

# Clusters can configure their announced hostname using this config. This is a common use case for
# applications that need to use TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) or dealing with DNS based
# routing. By default this value is only shown as additional metadata in the CLUSTER SLOTS
# command, but can be changed using \’cluster-preferred-endpoint-type\’ config. This value is
# communicated along the clusterbus to all nodes, setting it to an empty string will remove
# the hostname and also propagate the removal.
#
# cluster-announce-hostname \”\”
# Clusters can advertise how clients should connect to them using either their IP address,
# a user defined hostname, or by declaring they have no endpoint. Which endpoint is
# shown as the preferred endpoint is set by using the cluster-preferred-endpoint-type
# config with values \’ip\’, \’hostname\’, or \’unknown-endpoint\’. This value controls how
# the endpoint returned for MOVED/ASKING requests as well as the first field of CLUSTER SLOTS.
# If the preferred endpoint type is set to hostname, but no announced hostname is set, a \’?\’
# will be returned instead.
#
# When a cluster advertises itself as having an unknown endpoint, it\’s indicating that
# the server doesn\’t know how clients can reach the cluster. This can happen in certain
# networking situations where there are multiple possible routes to the node, and the
# server doesn\’t know which one the client took. In this case, the server is expecting
# the client to reach out on the same endpoint it used for making the last request, but use
# the port provided in the response.
#
# cluster-preferred-endpoint-type ip
# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at https://redis.io web site.
########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support ########################
# In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because
# addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is
# Docker and other containers).
#
# In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static
# configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The
# following four options are used for this scope, and are:
#
# * cluster-announce-ip
# * cluster-announce-port
# * cluster-announce-tls-port
# * cluster-announce-bus-port
#
# Each instructs the node about its address, client ports (for connections
# without and with TLS) and cluster message bus port. The information is then
# published in the header of the bus packets so that other nodes will be able to
# correctly map the address of the node publishing the information.
#
# If cluster-tls is set to yes and cluster-announce-tls-port is omitted or set
# to zero, then cluster-announce-port refers to the TLS port. Note also that
# cluster-announce-tls-port has no effect if cluster-tls is set to no.
#
# If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection
# will be used instead.
#
# Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of
# clients port + 10000, so you can specify any port and bus-port depending
# on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of
# 10000 will be used as usual.
#
# Example:
#
# cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5
# cluster-announce-tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-port 0
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380
################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.
# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 128
################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################
# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
# latency of a Redis instance.
#
# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
# print graphs and obtain reports.
#
# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
#
# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
# if you don\’t have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
# monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command
# \”CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>\” if needed.
latency-monitor-threshold 0
################################ LATENCY TRACKING ##############################
# The Redis extended latency monitoring tracks the per command latencies and enables
# exporting the percentile distribution via the INFO latencystats command,
# and cumulative latency distributions (histograms) via the LATENCY command.
#
# By default, the extended latency monitoring is enabled since the overhead
# of keeping track of the command latency is very small.
# latency-tracking yes
# By default the exported latency percentiles via the INFO latencystats command
# are the p50, p99, and p999.
# latency-tracking-info-percentiles 50 99 99.9
############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################
# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at https://redis.io/topics/notifications
#
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key \”foo\” stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
# K Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
# E Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
# g Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, …
# $ String commands
# l List commands
# s Set commands
# h Hash commands
# z Sorted set commands
# x Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
# e Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
# n New key events (Note: not included in the \’A\’ class)
# t Stream commands
# d Module key type events
# m Key-miss events (Note: It is not included in the \’A\’ class)
# A Alias for g$lshzxetd, so that the \”AKE\” string means all the events
# (Except key-miss events which are excluded from \’A\’ due to their
# unique nature).
#
# The \”notify-keyspace-events\” takes as argument a string that is composed
# of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
# are disabled.
#
# Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
# event name, use:
#
# notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
# Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
# name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
# notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
# By default all notifications are disabled because most users don\’t need
# this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don\’t
# specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events \”\”
############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-listpack-entries 512
hash-max-listpack-value 64
# Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.
# The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified
# as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.
# For a fixed maximum size, use -5 through -1, meaning:
# -5: max size: 64 Kb <– not recommended for normal workloads
# -4: max size: 32 Kb <– not recommended
# -3: max size: 16 Kb <– probably not recommended
# -2: max size: 8 Kb <– good
# -1: max size: 4 Kb <– good
# Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements
# per list node.
# The highest performing option is usually -2 (8 Kb size) or -1 (4 Kb size),
# but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.
list-max-listpack-size -2
# Lists may also be compressed.
# Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of
# the list to *exclude* from compression. The head and tail of the list
# are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations. Settings are:
# 0: disable all list compression
# 1: depth 1 means \”don\’t start compressing until after 1 node into the list,
# going from either the head or tail\”
# So: [head]->node->node->…->node->[tail]
# [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.
# 2: [head]->[next]->node->node->…->node->[prev]->[tail]
# 2 here means: don\’t compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,
# but compress all nodes between them.
# 3: [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->…->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]
# etc.
list-compress-depth 0
# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512
# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-listpack-entries 128
zset-max-listpack-value 64
# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
#
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 – 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
# Streams macro node max size / items. The stream data structure is a radix
# tree of big nodes that encode multiple items inside. Using this configuration
# it is possible to configure how big a single node can be in bytes, and the
# maximum number of items it may contain before switching to a new node when
# appending new stream entries. If any of the following settings are set to
# zero, the limit is ignored, so for instance it is possible to set just a
# max entries limit by setting max-bytes to 0 and max-entries to the desired
# value.
stream-node-max-bytes 4096
stream-node-max-entries 100
# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing \”steps\” are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use \”activerehashing no\” if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use \”activerehashing yes\” if you don\’t have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes
# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can\’t consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
# replica -> replica clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don\’t receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and replica clients, since
# subscribers and replicas receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Note that it doesn\’t make sense to set the replica clients output buffer
# limit lower than the repl-backlog-size config (partial sync will succeed
# and then replica will get disconnected).
# Such a configuration is ignored (the size of repl-backlog-size will be used).
# This doesn\’t have memory consumption implications since the replica client
# will share the backlog buffers memory.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
# Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed
# amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for
# instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in
# the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special
# needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.
#
# client-query-buffer-limit 1gb
# In some scenarios client connections can hog up memory leading to OOM
# errors or data eviction. To avoid this we can cap the accumulated memory
# used by all client connections (all pubsub and normal clients). Once we
# reach that limit connections will be dropped by the server freeing up
# memory. The server will attempt to drop the connections using the most
# memory first. We call this mechanism \”client eviction\”.
#
# Client eviction is configured using the maxmemory-clients setting as follows:
# 0 – client eviction is disabled (default)
#
# A memory value can be used for the client eviction threshold,
# for example:
# maxmemory-clients 1g
#
# A percentage value (between 1% and 100%) means the client eviction threshold
# is based on a percentage of the maxmemory setting. For example to set client
# eviction at 5% of maxmemory:
# maxmemory-clients 5%
# In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single
# strings, are normally limited to 512 mb. However you can change this limit
# here, but must be 1mb or greater
#
# proto-max-bulk-len 512mb
# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform according to the specified \”hz\” value.
#
# By default \”hz\” is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10
# Normally it is useful to have an HZ value which is proportional to the
# number of clients connected. This is useful in order, for instance, to
# avoid too many clients are processed for each background task invocation
# in order to avoid latency spikes.
#
# Since the default HZ value by default is conservatively set to 10, Redis
# offers, and enables by default, the ability to use an adaptive HZ value
# which will temporarily raise when there are many connected clients.
#
# When dynamic HZ is enabled, the actual configured HZ will be used
# as a baseline, but multiples of the configured HZ value will be actually
# used as needed once more clients are connected. In this way an idle
# instance will use very little CPU time while a busy instance will be
# more responsive.
dynamic-hz yes
# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
# When redis saves RDB file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes
# Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good
# idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating
# how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which
# is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.
#
# There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the
# counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to
# understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.
#
# The LFU counter is just 8 bits per key, it\’s maximum value is 255, so Redis
# uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value
# of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in
# this way:
#
# 1. A random number R between 0 and 1 is extracted.
# 2. A probability P is calculated as 1/(old_value*lfu_log_factor+1).
# 3. The counter is incremented only if R < P.
#
# The default lfu-log-factor is 10. This is a table of how the frequency
# counter changes with a different number of accesses with different
# logarithmic factors:
#
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | factor | 100 hits | 1000 hits | 100K hits | 1M hits | 10M hits |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | 0 | 104 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | 1 | 18 | 49 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | 10 | 10 | 18 | 142 | 255 | 255 |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | 100 | 8 | 11 | 49 | 143 | 255 |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
#
# NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:
#
# redis-benchmark -n 1000000 incr foo
# redis-cli object freq foo
#
# NOTE 2: The counter initial value is 5 in order to give new objects a chance
# to accumulate hits.
#
# The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order
# for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value
# less <= 10).
#
# The default value for the lfu-decay-time is 1. A special value of 0 means to
# decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.
#
# lfu-log-factor 10
# lfu-decay-time 1
########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################
#
# What is active defragmentation?
# ——————————-
#
# Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the
# spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,
# thus allowing to reclaim back memory.
#
# Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but
# less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server
# restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush
# away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature
# implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime
# in a \”hot\” way, while the server is running.
#
# Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the
# configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the
# values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc
# features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation
# and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the
# old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys
# will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.
#
# Important things to understand:
#
# 1. This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis
# to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.
# This is the default with Linux builds.
#
# 2. You never need to enable this feature if you don\’t have fragmentation
# issues.
#
# 3. Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when
# needed with the command \”CONFIG SET activedefrag yes\”.
#
# The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the
# defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is
# a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.
# Active defragmentation is disabled by default
# activedefrag no
# Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag
# active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb
# Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag
# active-defrag-threshold-lower 10
# Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort
# active-defrag-threshold-upper 100
# Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the lower
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-min 1
# Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the upper
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-max 25
# Maximum number of set/hash/zset/list fields that will be processed from
# the main dictionary scan
# active-defrag-max-scan-fields 1000
# Jemalloc background thread for purging will be enabled by default
jemalloc-bg-thread yes
# It is possible to pin different threads and processes of Redis to specific
# CPUs in your system, in order to maximize the performances of the server.
# This is useful both in order to pin different Redis threads in different
# CPUs, but also in order to make sure that multiple Redis instances running
# in the same host will be pinned to different CPUs.
#
# Normally you can do this using the \”taskset\” command, however it is also
# possible to this via Redis configuration directly, both in Linux and FreeBSD.
#
# You can pin the server/IO threads, bio threads, aof rewrite child process, and
# the bgsave child process. The syntax to specify the cpu list is the same as
# the taskset command:
#
# Set redis server/io threads to cpu affinity 0,2,4,6:
# server_cpulist 0-7:2
#
# Set bio threads to cpu affinity 1,3:
# bio_cpulist 1,3
#
# Set aof rewrite child process to cpu affinity 8,9,10,11:
# aof_rewrite_cpulist 8-11
#
# Set bgsave child process to cpu affinity 1,10,11
# bgsave_cpulist 1,10-11
# In some cases redis will emit warnings and even refuse to start if it detects
# that the system is in bad state, it is possible to suppress these warnings
# by setting the following config which takes a space delimited list of warnings
# to suppress
#
# ignore-warnings ARM64-COW-BUG

从节点配置：

# Redis configuration file example.
#
# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be
# started with the file path as first argument:
#
# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
################################## INCLUDES ###################################
# Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Note that option \”include\” won\’t be rewritten by command \”CONFIG REWRITE\”
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you\’d better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# Included paths may contain wildcards. All files matching the wildcards will
# be included in alphabetical order.
# Note that if an include path contains a wildcards but no files match it when
# the server is started, the include statement will be ignored and no error will
# be emitted. It is safe, therefore, to include wildcard files from empty
# directories.
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf
# include /path/to/fragments/*.conf
#
################################## MODULES #####################################
# Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules
# it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.
#
# loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so
# loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so
################################## NETWORK #####################################
# By default, if no \”bind\” configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all available network interfaces on the host machine.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the \”bind\” configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
# Each address can be prefixed by \”-\”, which means that redis will not fail to
# start if the address is not available. Being not available only refers to
# addresses that does not correspond to any network interface. Addresses that
# are already in use will always fail, and unsupported protocols will always BE
# silently skipped.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1 # listens on two specific IPv4 addresses
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1 # listens on loopback IPv4 and IPv6
# bind * -::* # like the default, all available interfaces
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only on the
# IPv4 and IPv6 (if available) loopback interface addresses (this means Redis
# will only be able to accept client connections from the same host that it is
# running on).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
#
# You will also need to set a password unless you explicitly disable protected
# mode.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
# bind 127.0.0.1 -::1
bind 0.0.0.0
# By default, outgoing connections (from replica to master, from Sentinel to
# instances, cluster bus, etc.) are not bound to a specific local address. In
# most cases, this means the operating system will handle that based on routing
# and the interface through which the connection goes out.
#
# Using bind-source-addr it is possible to configure a specific address to bind
# to, which may also affect how the connection gets routed.
#
# Example:
#
# bind-source-addr 10.0.0.1
# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and the default user has no password, the server
# only accepts local connections from the IPv4 address (127.0.0.1), IPv6 address
# (::1) or Unix domain sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured.
protected-mode yes
# Redis uses default hardened security configuration directives to reduce the
# attack surface on innocent users. Therefore, several sensitive configuration
# directives are immutable, and some potentially-dangerous commands are blocked.
#
# Configuration directives that control files that Redis writes to (e.g., \’dir\’
# and \’dbfilename\’) and that aren\’t usually modified during runtime
# are protected by making them immutable.
#
# Commands that can increase the attack surface of Redis and that aren\’t usually
# called by users are blocked by default.
#
# These can be exposed to either all connections or just local ones by setting
# each of the configs listed below to either of these values:
#
# no – Block for any connection (remain immutable)
# yes – Allow for any connection (no protection)
# local – Allow only for local connections. Ones originating from the
# IPv4 address (127.0.0.1), IPv6 address (::1) or Unix domain sockets.
#
# enable-protected-configs no
# enable-debug-command no
# enable-module-command no
# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 16379
# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need a high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connection issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511
# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /run/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700
# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0
# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Force network equipment in the middle to consider the connection to be
# alive.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
tcp-keepalive 300
# Apply OS-specific mechanism to mark the listening socket with the specified
# ID, to support advanced routing and filtering capabilities.
#
# On Linux, the ID represents a connection mark.
# On FreeBSD, the ID represents a socket cookie ID.
# On OpenBSD, the ID represents a route table ID.
#
# The default value is 0, which implies no marking is required.
# socket-mark-id 0
################################# TLS/SSL #####################################
# By default, TLS/SSL is disabled. To enable it, the \”tls-port\” configuration
# directive can be used to define TLS-listening ports. To enable TLS on the
# default port, use:
#
# port 0
# tls-port 6379
# Configure a X.509 certificate and private key to use for authenticating the
# server to connected clients, masters or cluster peers. These files should be
# PEM formatted.
#
# tls-cert-file redis.crt
# tls-key-file redis.key
#
# If the key file is encrypted using a passphrase, it can be included here
# as well.
#
# tls-key-file-pass secret
# Normally Redis uses the same certificate for both server functions (accepting
# connections) and client functions (replicating from a master, establishing
# cluster bus connections, etc.).
#
# Sometimes certificates are issued with attributes that designate them as
# client-only or server-only certificates. In that case it may be desired to use
# different certificates for incoming (server) and outgoing (client)
# connections. To do that, use the following directives:
#
# tls-client-cert-file client.crt
# tls-client-key-file client.key
#
# If the key file is encrypted using a passphrase, it can be included here
# as well.
#
# tls-client-key-file-pass secret
# Configure a DH parameters file to enable Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange,
# required by older versions of OpenSSL (<3.0). Newer versions do not require
# this configuration and recommend against it.
#
# tls-dh-params-file redis.dh
# Configure a CA certificate(s) bundle or directory to authenticate TLS/SSL
# clients and peers. Redis requires an explicit configuration of at least one
# of these, and will not implicitly use the system wide configuration.
#
# tls-ca-cert-file ca.crt
# tls-ca-cert-dir /etc/ssl/certs
# By default, clients (including replica servers) on a TLS port are required
# to authenticate using valid client side certificates.
#
# If \”no\” is specified, client certificates are not required and not accepted.
# If \”optional\” is specified, client certificates are accepted and must be
# valid if provided, but are not required.
#
# tls-auth-clients no
# tls-auth-clients optional
# By default, a Redis replica does not attempt to establish a TLS connection
# with its master.
#
# Use the following directive to enable TLS on replication links.
#
# tls-replication yes
# By default, the Redis Cluster bus uses a plain TCP connection. To enable
# TLS for the bus protocol, use the following directive:
#
# tls-cluster yes
# By default, only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3 are enabled and it is highly recommended
# that older formally deprecated versions are kept disabled to reduce the attack surface.
# You can explicitly specify TLS versions to support.
# Allowed values are case insensitive and include \”TLSv1\”, \”TLSv1.1\”, \”TLSv1.2\”,
# \”TLSv1.3\” (OpenSSL >= 1.1.1) or any combination.
# To enable only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3, use:
#
# tls-protocols \”TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3\”
# Configure allowed ciphers. See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information
# about the syntax of this string.
#
# Note: this configuration applies only to <= TLSv1.2.
#
# tls-ciphers DEFAULT:!MEDIUM
# Configure allowed TLSv1.3 ciphersuites. See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more
# information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3
# ciphersuites.
#
# tls-ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256
# When choosing a cipher, use the server\’s preference instead of the client
# preference. By default, the server follows the client\’s preference.
#
# tls-prefer-server-ciphers yes
# By default, TLS session caching is enabled to allow faster and less expensive
# reconnections by clients that support it. Use the following directive to disable
# caching.
#
# tls-session-caching no
# Change the default number of TLS sessions cached. A zero value sets the cache
# to unlimited size. The default size is 20480.
#
# tls-session-cache-size 5000
# Change the default timeout of cached TLS sessions. The default timeout is 300
# seconds.
#
# tls-session-cache-timeout 60
################################# GENERAL #####################################
# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use \’yes\’ if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
# When Redis is supervised by upstart or systemd, this parameter has no impact.
daemonize yes
# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
# supervised no – no supervision interaction
# supervised upstart – signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
# requires \”expect stop\” in your upstart job config
# supervised systemd – signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
# on startup, and updating Redis status on a regular
# basis.
# supervised auto – detect upstart or systemd method based on
# UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal \”process is ready.\”
# They do not enable continuous pings back to your supervisor.
#
# The default is \”no\”. To run under upstart/systemd, you can simply uncomment
# the line below:
#
# supervised auto
# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to \”/var/run/redis.pid\”.
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
#
# Note that on modern Linux systems \”/run/redis.pid\” is more conforming
# and should be used instead.
pidfile /home/czh/redis_service/redis_16379.pid
# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice
# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile \”/home/czh/redis_service/redis.log\”
# To enable logging to the system logger, just set \’syslog-enabled\’ to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no
# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis
# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0
# To disable the built in crash log, which will possibly produce cleaner core
# dumps when they are needed, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-log-enabled no
# To disable the fast memory check that\’s run as part of the crash log, which
# will possibly let redis terminate sooner, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-memcheck-enabled no
# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and \’databases\’-1
databases 16
# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY and syslog logging is
# disabled. Basically this means that normally a logo is displayed only in
# interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo no
# By default, Redis modifies the process title (as seen in \’top\’ and \’ps\’) to
# provide some runtime information. It is possible to disable this and leave
# the process name as executed by setting the following to no.
set-proc-title yes
# When changing the process title, Redis uses the following template to construct
# the modified title.
#
# Template variables are specified in curly brackets. The following variables are
# supported:
#
# {title} Name of process as executed if parent, or type of child process.
# {listen-addr} Bind address or \’*\’ followed by TCP or TLS port listening on, or
# Unix socket if only that\’s available.
# {server-mode} Special mode, i.e. \”[sentinel]\” or \”[cluster]\”.
# {port} TCP port listening on, or 0.
# {tls-port} TLS port listening on, or 0.
# {unixsocket} Unix domain socket listening on, or \”\”.
# {config-file} Name of configuration file used.
#
proc-title-template \”{title} {listen-addr} {server-mode}\”
################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################
# Save the DB to disk.
#
# save <seconds> <changes> [<seconds> <changes> …]
#
# Redis will save the DB if the given number of seconds elapsed and it
# surpassed the given number of write operations against the DB.
#
# Snapshotting can be completely disabled with a single empty string argument
# as in following example:
#
# save \”\”
#
# Unless specified otherwise, by default Redis will save the DB:
# * After 3600 seconds (an hour) if at least 1 change was performed
# * After 300 seconds (5 minutes) if at least 100 changes were performed
# * After 60 seconds if at least 10000 changes were performed
#
# You can set these explicitly by uncommenting the following line.
#
# save 3600 1 300 100 60 10000
# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# By default compression is enabled as it\’s almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to \’no\’ but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes
# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes
# Enables or disables full sanitization checks for ziplist and listpack etc when
# loading an RDB or RESTORE payload. This reduces the chances of a assertion or
# crash later on while processing commands.
# Options:
# no – Never perform full sanitization
# yes – Always perform full sanitization
# clients – Perform full sanitization only for user connections.
# Excludes: RDB files, RESTORE commands received from the master
# connection, and client connections which have the
# skip-sanitize-payload ACL flag.
# The default should be \’clients\’ but since it currently affects cluster
# resharding via MIGRATE, it is temporarily set to \’no\’ by default.
#
# sanitize-dump-payload no
# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb
# Remove RDB files used by replication in instances without persistence
# enabled. By default this option is disabled, however there are environments
# where for regulations or other security concerns, RDB files persisted on
# disk by masters in order to feed replicas, or stored on disk by replicas
# in order to load them for the initial synchronization, should be deleted
# ASAP. Note that this option ONLY WORKS in instances that have both AOF
# and RDB persistence disabled, otherwise is completely ignored.
#
# An alternative (and sometimes better) way to obtain the same effect is
# to use diskless replication on both master and replicas instances. However
# in the case of replicas, diskless is not always an option.
rdb-del-sync-files no
# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the \’dbfilename\’ configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
# dir ./
dir /home/czh/redis_service/
################################# REPLICATION #################################
# Master-Replica replication. Use replicaof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
# +——————+ +—————+
# | Master | —> | Replica |
# | (receive writes) | | (exact copy) |
# +——————+ +—————+
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
# stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
# a given number of replicas.
# 2) Redis replicas are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
# master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
# time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
# sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
# network partition replicas automatically try to reconnect to masters
# and resynchronize with them.
#
# replicaof <masterip> <masterport>
replicaof 192.168.0.231 16379
# If the master is password protected (using the \”requirepass\” configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the replica request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>
masterauth 123456
#
# However this is not enough if you are using Redis ACLs (for Redis version
# 6 or greater), and the default user is not capable of running the PSYNC
# command and/or other commands needed for replication. In this case it\’s
# better to configure a special user to use with replication, and specify the
# masteruser configuration as such:
#
# masteruser <username>
#
# When masteruser is specified, the replica will authenticate against its
# master using the new AUTH form: AUTH <username> <password>.
# When a replica loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the replica can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if replica-serve-stale-data is set to \’yes\’ (the default) the replica will
# still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
# data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) If replica-serve-stale-data is set to \’no\’ the replica will reply with error
# \”MASTERDOWN Link with MASTER is down and replica-serve-stale-data is set to \’no\’\”
# to all data access commands, excluding commands such as:
# INFO, REPLICAOF, AUTH, SHUTDOWN, REPLCONF, ROLE, CONFIG, SUBSCRIBE,
# UNSUBSCRIBE, PSUBSCRIBE, PUNSUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, PUBSUB, COMMAND, POST,
# HOST and LATENCY.
#
replica-serve-stale-data yes
# You can configure a replica instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a replica instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a replica will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default replicas are read-only.
#
# Note: read only replicas are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It\’s just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only replica exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only replicas using \’rename-command\’ to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
replica-read-only yes
# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# New replicas and reconnecting replicas that are not able to continue the
# replication process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a
# \”full synchronization\”. An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the
# replicas.
#
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
# file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
# process to the replicas incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
# RDB file to replica sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more replicas
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child
# producing the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead
# once the transfer starts, new replicas arriving will be queued and a new
# transfer will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple
# replicas will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
#
# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
# works better.
repl-diskless-sync yes
# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
# to the replicas.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new replicas arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the
# server waits a delay in order to let more replicas arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
# When diskless replication is enabled with a delay, it is possible to let
# the replication start before the maximum delay is reached if the maximum
# number of replicas expected have connected. Default of 0 means that the
# maximum is not defined and Redis will wait the full delay.
repl-diskless-sync-max-replicas 0
# —————————————————————————–
# WARNING: RDB diskless load is experimental. Since in this setup the replica
# does not immediately store an RDB on disk, it may cause data loss during
# failovers. RDB diskless load + Redis modules not handling I/O reads may also
# cause Redis to abort in case of I/O errors during the initial synchronization
# stage with the master. Use only if you know what you are doing.
# —————————————————————————–
#
# Replica can load the RDB it reads from the replication link directly from the
# socket, or store the RDB to a file and read that file after it was completely
# received from the master.
#
# In many cases the disk is slower than the network, and storing and loading
# the RDB file may increase replication time (and even increase the master\’s
# Copy on Write memory and replica buffers).
# However, parsing the RDB file directly from the socket may mean that we have
# to flush the contents of the current database before the full rdb was
# received. For this reason we have the following options:
#
# \”disabled\” – Don\’t use diskless load (store the rdb file to the disk first)
# \”on-empty-db\” – Use diskless load only when it is completely safe.
# \”swapdb\” – Keep current db contents in RAM while parsing the data directly
# from the socket. Replicas in this mode can keep serving current
# data set while replication is in progress, except for cases where
# they can\’t recognize master as having a data set from same
# replication history.
# Note that this requires sufficient memory, if you don\’t have it,
# you risk an OOM kill.
repl-diskless-load disabled
# Master send PINGs to its replicas in a predefined interval. It\’s possible to
# change this interval with the repl_ping_replica_period option. The default
# value is 10 seconds.
#
# repl-ping-replica-period 10
# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of replica.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of replicas (data, pings).
# 3) Replica timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-replica-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the replica. The default
# value is 60 seconds.
#
# repl-timeout 60
# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the replica socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select \”yes\” Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to replicas. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the replica side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select \”no\” the delay for data to appear on the replica side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and replicas are many hops away, turning this to \”yes\” may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
# replica data when replicas are disconnected for some time, so that when a
# replica wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a
# partial resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the replica
# missed while disconnected.
#
# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the replica can endure the
# disconnect and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
#
# The backlog is only allocated if there is at least one replica connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb
# After a master has no connected replicas for some time, the backlog will be
# freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that need to
# elapse, starting from the time the last replica disconnected, for the backlog
# buffer to be freed.
#
# Note that replicas never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be
# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly \”partially
# resynchronize\” with other replicas: hence they should always accumulate backlog.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600
# The replica priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO
# output. It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a replica to promote
# into a master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A replica with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three replicas with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel
# will pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the replica as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a replica with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
replica-priority 100
# The propagation error behavior controls how Redis will behave when it is
# unable to handle a command being processed in the replication stream from a master
# or processed while reading from an AOF file. Errors that occur during propagation
# are unexpected, and can cause data inconsistency. However, there are edge cases
# in earlier versions of Redis where it was possible for the server to replicate or persist
# commands that would fail on future versions. For this reason the default behavior
# is to ignore such errors and continue processing commands.
#
# If an application wants to ensure there is no data divergence, this configuration
# should be set to \’panic\’ instead. The value can also be set to \’panic-on-replicas\’
# to only panic when a replica encounters an error on the replication stream. One of
# these two panic values will become the default value in the future once there are
# sufficient safety mechanisms in place to prevent false positive crashes.
#
# propagation-error-behavior ignore
# Replica ignore disk write errors controls the behavior of a replica when it is
# unable to persist a write command received from its master to disk. By default,
# this configuration is set to \’no\’ and will crash the replica in this condition.
# It is not recommended to change this default, however in order to be compatible
# with older versions of Redis this config can be toggled to \’yes\’ which will just
# log a warning and execute the write command it got from the master.
#
# replica-ignore-disk-write-errors no
# —————————————————————————–
# By default, Redis Sentinel includes all replicas in its reports. A replica
# can be excluded from Redis Sentinel\’s announcements. An unannounced replica
# will be ignored by the \’sentinel replicas <master>\’ command and won\’t be
# exposed to Redis Sentinel\’s clients.
#
# This option does not change the behavior of replica-priority. Even with
# replica-announced set to \’no\’, the replica can be promoted to master. To
# prevent this behavior, set replica-priority to 0.
#
# replica-announced yes
# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N replicas connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N replicas need to be in \”online\” state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the replica, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough replicas
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 replicas with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-replicas-to-write 3
# min-replicas-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-replicas-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-replicas-max-lag is set to 10.
# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached
# replicas in different ways. For example the \”INFO replication\” section
# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by
# Redis Sentinel in order to discover replica instances.
# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the
# \”ROLE\” command of a master.
#
# The listed IP address and port normally reported by a replica is
# obtained in the following way:
#
# IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address
# of the socket used by the replica to connect with the master.
#
# Port: The port is communicated by the replica during the replication
# handshake, and is normally the port that the replica is using to
# listen for connections.
#
# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is
# used, the replica may actually be reachable via different IP and port
# pairs. The following two options can be used by a replica in order to
# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO
# and ROLE will report those values.
#
# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just
# the port or the IP address.
#
# replica-announce-ip 5.5.5.5
# replica-announce-port 1234
############################### KEYS TRACKING #################################
# Redis implements server assisted support for client side caching of values.
# This is implemented using an invalidation table that remembers, using
# a radix key indexed by key name, what clients have which keys. In turn
# this is used in order to send invalidation messages to clients. Please
# check this page to understand more about the feature:
#
# https://redis.io/topics/client-side-caching
#
# When tracking is enabled for a client, all the read only queries are assumed
# to be cached: this will force Redis to store information in the invalidation
# table. When keys are modified, such information is flushed away, and
# invalidation messages are sent to the clients. However if the workload is
# heavily dominated by reads, Redis could use more and more memory in order
# to track the keys fetched by many clients.
#
# For this reason it is possible to configure a maximum fill value for the
# invalidation table. By default it is set to 1M of keys, and once this limit
# is reached, Redis will start to evict keys in the invalidation table
# even if they were not modified, just to reclaim memory: this will in turn
# force the clients to invalidate the cached values. Basically the table
# maximum size is a trade off between the memory you want to spend server
# side to track information about who cached what, and the ability of clients
# to retain cached objects in memory.
#
# If you set the value to 0, it means there are no limits, and Redis will
# retain as many keys as needed in the invalidation table.
# In the \”stats\” INFO section, you can find information about the number of
# keys in the invalidation table at every given moment.
#
# Note: when key tracking is used in broadcasting mode, no memory is used
# in the server side so this setting is useless.
#
# tracking-table-max-keys 1000000
################################## SECURITY ###################################
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast, an outside user can try up to
# 1 million passwords per second against a modern box. This means that you
# should use very strong passwords, otherwise they will be very easy to break.
# Note that because the password is really a shared secret between the client
# and the server, and should not be memorized by any human, the password
# can be easily a long string from /dev/urandom or whatever, so by using a
# long and unguessable password no brute force attack will be possible.
# Redis ACL users are defined in the following format:
#
# user <username> … acl rules …
#
# For example:
#
# user worker +@list +@connection ~jobs:* on >ffa9203c493aa99
#
# The special username \”default\” is used for new connections. If this user
# has the \”nopass\” rule, then new connections will be immediately authenticated
# as the \”default\” user without the need of any password provided via the
# AUTH command. Otherwise if the \”default\” user is not flagged with \”nopass\”
# the connections will start in not authenticated state, and will require
# AUTH (or the HELLO command AUTH option) in order to be authenticated and
# start to work.
#
# The ACL rules that describe what a user can do are the following:
#
# on Enable the user: it is possible to authenticate as this user.
# off Disable the user: it\’s no longer possible to authenticate
# with this user, however the already authenticated connections
# will still work.
# skip-sanitize-payload RESTORE dump-payload sanitization is skipped.
# sanitize-payload RESTORE dump-payload is sanitized (default).
# +<command> Allow the execution of that command.
# May be used with `|` for allowing subcommands (e.g \”+config|get\”)
# -<command> Disallow the execution of that command.
# May be used with `|` for blocking subcommands (e.g \”-config|set\”)
# +@<category> Allow the execution of all the commands in such category
# with valid categories are like @admin, @set, @sortedset, …
# and so forth, see the full list in the server.c file where
# the Redis command table is described and defined.
# The special category @all means all the commands, but currently
# present in the server, and that will be loaded in the future
# via modules.
# +<command>|first-arg Allow a specific first argument of an otherwise
# disabled command. It is only supported on commands with
# no sub-commands, and is not allowed as negative form
# like -SELECT|1, only additive starting with \”+\”. This
# feature is deprecated and may be removed in the future.
# allcommands Alias for +@all. Note that it implies the ability to execute
# all the future commands loaded via the modules system.
# nocommands Alias for -@all.
# ~<pattern> Add a pattern of keys that can be mentioned as part of
# commands. For instance ~* allows all the keys. The pattern
# is a glob-style pattern like the one of KEYS.
# It is possible to specify multiple patterns.
# %R~<pattern> Add key read pattern that specifies which keys can be read
# from.
# %W~<pattern> Add key write pattern that specifies which keys can be
# written to.
# allkeys Alias for ~*
# resetkeys Flush the list of allowed keys patterns.
# &<pattern> Add a glob-style pattern of Pub/Sub channels that can be
# accessed by the user. It is possible to specify multiple channel
# patterns.
# allchannels Alias for &*
# resetchannels Flush the list of allowed channel patterns.
# ><password> Add this password to the list of valid password for the user.
# For example >mypass will add \”mypass\” to the list.
# This directive clears the \”nopass\” flag (see later).
# <<password> Remove this password from the list of valid passwords.
# nopass All the set passwords of the user are removed, and the user
# is flagged as requiring no password: it means that every
# password will work against this user. If this directive is
# used for the default user, every new connection will be
# immediately authenticated with the default user without
# any explicit AUTH command required. Note that the \”resetpass\”
# directive will clear this condition.
# resetpass Flush the list of allowed passwords. Moreover removes the
# \”nopass\” status. After \”resetpass\” the user has no associated
# passwords and there is no way to authenticate without adding
# some password (or setting it as \”nopass\” later).
# reset Performs the following actions: resetpass, resetkeys, off,
# -@all. The user returns to the same state it has immediately
# after its creation.
# (<options>) Create a new selector with the options specified within the
# parentheses and attach it to the user. Each option should be
# space separated. The first character must be ( and the last
# character must be ).
# clearselectors Remove all of the currently attached selectors.
# Note this does not change the \”root\” user permissions,
# which are the permissions directly applied onto the
# user (outside the parentheses).
#
# ACL rules can be specified in any order: for instance you can start with
# passwords, then flags, or key patterns. However note that the additive
# and subtractive rules will CHANGE MEANING depending on the ordering.
# For instance see the following example:
#
# user alice on +@all -DEBUG ~* >somepassword
#
# This will allow \”alice\” to use all the commands with the exception of the
# DEBUG command, since +@all added all the commands to the set of the commands
# alice can use, and later DEBUG was removed. However if we invert the order
# of two ACL rules the result will be different:
#
# user alice on -DEBUG +@all ~* >somepassword
#
# Now DEBUG was removed when alice had yet no commands in the set of allowed
# commands, later all the commands are added, so the user will be able to
# execute everything.
#
# Basically ACL rules are processed left-to-right.
#
# The following is a list of command categories and their meanings:
# * keyspace – Writing or reading from keys, databases, or their metadata
# in a type agnostic way. Includes DEL, RESTORE, DUMP, RENAME, EXISTS, DBSIZE,
# KEYS, EXPIRE, TTL, FLUSHALL, etc. Commands that may modify the keyspace,
# key or metadata will also have `write` category. Commands that only read
# the keyspace, key or metadata will have the `read` category.
# * read – Reading from keys (values or metadata). Note that commands that don\’t
# interact with keys, will not have either `read` or `write`.
# * write – Writing to keys (values or metadata)
# * admin – Administrative commands. Normal applications will never need to use
# these. Includes REPLICAOF, CONFIG, DEBUG, SAVE, MONITOR, ACL, SHUTDOWN, etc.
# * dangerous – Potentially dangerous (each should be considered with care for
# various reasons). This includes FLUSHALL, MIGRATE, RESTORE, SORT, KEYS,
# CLIENT, DEBUG, INFO, CONFIG, SAVE, REPLICAOF, etc.
# * connection – Commands affecting the connection or other connections.
# This includes AUTH, SELECT, COMMAND, CLIENT, ECHO, PING, etc.
# * blocking – Potentially blocking the connection until released by another
# command.
# * fast – Fast O(1) commands. May loop on the number of arguments, but not the
# number of elements in the key.
# * slow – All commands that are not Fast.
# * pubsub – PUBLISH / SUBSCRIBE related
# * transaction – WATCH / MULTI / EXEC related commands.
# * scripting – Scripting related.
# * set – Data type: sets related.
# * sortedset – Data type: zsets related.
# * list – Data type: lists related.
# * hash – Data type: hashes related.
# * string – Data type: strings related.
# * bitmap – Data type: bitmaps related.
# * hyperloglog – Data type: hyperloglog related.
# * geo – Data type: geo related.
# * stream – Data type: streams related.
#
# For more information about ACL configuration please refer to
# the Redis web site at https://redis.io/topics/acl
# ACL LOG
#
# The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated
# with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked
# by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with
# ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.
acllog-max-len 128
# Using an external ACL file
#
# Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use
# a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:
# if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external
# ACL file, the server will refuse to start.
#
# The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the
# format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.
#
# aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl
# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 \”requirepass\” is just a compatibility
# layer on top of the new ACL system. The option effect will be just setting
# the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using
# AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>
# if they follow the new protocol: both will work.
#
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
#
# requirepass foobared
requirepass 123456
# New users are initialized with restrictive permissions by default, via the
# equivalent of this ACL rule \’off resetkeys -@all\’. Starting with Redis 6.2, it
# is possible to manage access to Pub/Sub channels with ACL rules as well. The
# default Pub/Sub channels permission if new users is controlled by the
# acl-pubsub-default configuration directive, which accepts one of these values:
#
# allchannels: grants access to all Pub/Sub channels
# resetchannels: revokes access to all Pub/Sub channels
#
# From Redis 7.0, acl-pubsub-default defaults to \’resetchannels\’ permission.
#
# acl-pubsub-default resetchannels
# Command renaming (DEPRECATED).
#
# ————————————————————————
# WARNING: avoid using this option if possible. Instead use ACLs to remove
# commands from the default user, and put them only in some admin user you
# create for administrative purposes.
# ————————————————————————
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG \”\”
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to replicas may cause problems.
################################### CLIENTS ####################################
# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error \’max number of clients reached\’.
#
# IMPORTANT: When Redis Cluster is used, the max number of connections is also
# shared with the cluster bus: every node in the cluster will use two
# connections, one incoming and another outgoing. It is important to size the
# limit accordingly in case of very large clusters.
#
# maxclients 10000
############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################
# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can\’t remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to \’noeviction\’, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to
# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the \’noeviction\’ policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have replicas attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the replicas are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of replicas is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short… if you have replicas attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for replica
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is \’noeviction\’).
#
# maxmemory <bytes>
# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
# volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.
# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> Don\’t evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
#
# LRU means Least Recently Used
# LFU means Least Frequently Used
#
# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated
# randomized algorithms.
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, when there are no suitable keys for
# eviction, Redis will return an error on write operations that require
# more memory. These are usually commands that create new keys, add data or
# modify existing keys. A few examples are: SET, INCR, HSET, LPUSH, SUNIONSTORE,
# SORT (due to the STORE argument), and EXEC (if the transaction includes any
# command that requires memory).
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction
# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. By default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used least recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5
# Eviction processing is designed to function well with the default setting.
# If there is an unusually large amount of write traffic, this value may need to
# be increased. Decreasing this value may reduce latency at the risk of
# eviction processing effectiveness
# 0 = minimum latency, 10 = default, 100 = process without regard to latency
#
# maxmemory-eviction-tenacity 10
# Starting from Redis 5, by default a replica will ignore its maxmemory setting
# (unless it is promoted to master after a failover or manually). It means
# that the eviction of keys will be just handled by the master, sending the
# DEL commands to the replica as keys evict in the master side.
#
# This behavior ensures that masters and replicas stay consistent, and is usually
# what you want, however if your replica is writable, or you want the replica
# to have a different memory setting, and you are sure all the writes performed
# to the replica are idempotent, then you may change this default (but be sure
# to understand what you are doing).
#
# Note that since the replica by default does not evict, it may end using more
# memory than the one set via maxmemory (there are certain buffers that may
# be larger on the replica, or data structures may sometimes take more memory
# and so forth). So make sure you monitor your replicas and make sure they
# have enough memory to never hit a real out-of-memory condition before the
# master hits the configured maxmemory setting.
#
# replica-ignore-maxmemory yes
# Redis reclaims expired keys in two ways: upon access when those keys are
# found to be expired, and also in background, in what is called the
# \”active expire key\”. The key space is slowly and interactively scanned
# looking for expired keys to reclaim, so that it is possible to free memory
# of keys that are expired and will never be accessed again in a short time.
#
# The default effort of the expire cycle will try to avoid having more than
# ten percent of expired keys still in memory, and will try to avoid consuming
# more than 25% of total memory and to add latency to the system. However
# it is possible to increase the expire \”effort\” that is normally set to
# \”1\”, to a greater value, up to the value \”10\”. At its maximum value the
# system will use more CPU, longer cycles (and technically may introduce
# more latency), and will tolerate less already expired keys still present
# in the system. It\’s a tradeoff between memory, CPU and latency.
#
# active-expire-effort 1
############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################
# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking
# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands
# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous
# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed
# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other
# O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an
# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for
# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.
#
# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives
# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and
# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands
# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the
# object in the background as fast as possible.
#
# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.
# It\’s up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good
# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to
# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.
# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the
# following scenarios:
#
# 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,
# in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified
# memory limit.
# 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the
# EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.
# 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may
# already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key
# content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE
# or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command
# itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace
# it with the specified string.
# 4) During replication, when a replica performs a full resynchronization with
# its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to
# load the RDB file just transferred.
#
# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,
# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically
# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK
# was called, using the following configuration directives.
lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
replica-lazy-flush no
# It is also possible, for the case when to replace the user code DEL calls
# with UNLINK calls is not easy, to modify the default behavior of the DEL
# command to act exactly like UNLINK, using the following configuration
# directive:
lazyfree-lazy-user-del no
# FLUSHDB, FLUSHALL, SCRIPT FLUSH and FUNCTION FLUSH support both asynchronous and synchronous
# deletion, which can be controlled by passing the [SYNC|ASYNC] flags into the
# commands. When neither flag is passed, this directive will be used to determine
# if the data should be deleted asynchronously.
lazyfree-lazy-user-flush no
################################ THREADED I/O #################################
# Redis is mostly single threaded, however there are certain threaded
# operations such as UNLINK, slow I/O accesses and other things that are
# performed on side threads.
#
# Now it is also possible to handle Redis clients socket reads and writes
# in different I/O threads. Since especially writing is so slow, normally
# Redis users use pipelining in order to speed up the Redis performances per
# core, and spawn multiple instances in order to scale more. Using I/O
# threads it is possible to easily speedup two times Redis without resorting
# to pipelining nor sharding of the instance.
#
# By default threading is disabled, we suggest enabling it only in machines
# that have at least 4 or more cores, leaving at least one spare core.
# Using more than 8 threads is unlikely to help much. We also recommend using
# threaded I/O only if you actually have performance problems, with Redis
# instances being able to use a quite big percentage of CPU time, otherwise
# there is no point in using this feature.
#
# So for instance if you have a four cores boxes, try to use 2 or 3 I/O
# threads, if you have a 8 cores, try to use 6 threads. In order to
# enable I/O threads use the following configuration directive:
#
# io-threads 4
#
# Setting io-threads to 1 will just use the main thread as usual.
# When I/O threads are enabled, we only use threads for writes, that is
# to thread the write(2) syscall and transfer the client buffers to the
# socket. However it is also possible to enable threading of reads and
# protocol parsing using the following configuration directive, by setting
# it to yes:
#
# io-threads-do-reads no
#
# Usually threading reads doesn\’t help much.
#
# NOTE 1: This configuration directive cannot be changed at runtime via
# CONFIG SET. Also, this feature currently does not work when SSL is
# enabled.
#
# NOTE 2: If you want to test the Redis speedup using redis-benchmark, make
# sure you also run the benchmark itself in threaded mode, using the
# –threads option to match the number of Redis threads, otherwise you\’ll not
# be able to notice the improvements.
############################ KERNEL OOM CONTROL ##############################
# On Linux, it is possible to hint the kernel OOM killer on what processes
# should be killed first when out of memory.
#
# Enabling this feature makes Redis actively control the oom_score_adj value
# for all its processes, depending on their role. The default scores will
# attempt to have background child processes killed before all others, and
# replicas killed before masters.
#
# Redis supports these options:
#
# no: Don\’t make changes to oom-score-adj (default).
# yes: Alias to \”relative\” see below.
# absolute: Values in oom-score-adj-values are written as is to the kernel.
# relative: Values are used relative to the initial value of oom_score_adj when
# the server starts and are then clamped to a range of -1000 to 1000.
# Because typically the initial value is 0, they will often match the
# absolute values.
oom-score-adj no
# When oom-score-adj is used, this directive controls the specific values used
# for master, replica and background child processes. Values range -2000 to
# 2000 (higher means more likely to be killed).
#
# Unprivileged processes (not root, and without CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capabilities)
# can freely increase their value, but not decrease it below its initial
# settings. This means that setting oom-score-adj to \”relative\” and setting the
# oom-score-adj-values to positive values will always succeed.
oom-score-adj-values 0 200 800
#################### KERNEL transparent hugepage CONTROL ######################
# Usually the kernel Transparent Huge Pages control is set to \”madvise\” or
# or \”never\” by default (/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled), in which
# case this config has no effect. On systems in which it is set to \”always\”,
# redis will attempt to disable it specifically for the redis process in order
# to avoid latency problems specifically with fork(2) and CoW.
# If for some reason you prefer to keep it enabled, you can set this config to
# \”no\” and the kernel global to \”always\”.
disable-thp yes
############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check https://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.
appendonly no
# The base name of the append only file.
#
# Redis 7 and newer use a set of append-only files to persist the dataset
# and changes applied to it. There are two basic types of files in use:
#
# – Base files, which are a snapshot representing the complete state of the
# dataset at the time the file was created. Base files can be either in
# the form of RDB (binary serialized) or AOF (textual commands).
# – Incremental files, which contain additional commands that were applied
# to the dataset following the previous file.
#
# In addition, manifest files are used to track the files and the order in
# which they were created and should be applied.
#
# Append-only file names are created by Redis following a specific pattern.
# The file name\’s prefix is based on the \’appendfilename\’ configuration
# parameter, followed by additional information about the sequence and type.
#
# For example, if appendfilename is set to appendonly.aof, the following file
# names could be derived:
#
# – appendonly.aof.1.base.rdb as a base file.
# – appendonly.aof.1.incr.aof, appendonly.aof.2.incr.aof as incremental files.
# – appendonly.aof.manifest as a manifest file.
appendfilename \”appendonly.aof\”
# For convenience, Redis stores all persistent append-only files in a dedicated
# directory. The name of the directory is determined by the appenddirname
# configuration parameter.
appenddirname \”appendonlydir\”
# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don\’t fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is \”everysec\”, as that\’s usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It\’s up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# \”no\” that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that\’s snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use \”always\” that\’s very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use \”everysec\”.
# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it\’s possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as \”appendfsync no\”. In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to \”yes\”. Otherwise leave it as
# \”no\” that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can\’t happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the \”redis-check-aof\” utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes
# Redis can create append-only base files in either RDB or AOF formats. Using
# the RDB format is always faster and more efficient, and disabling it is only
# supported for backward compatibility purposes.
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes
# Redis supports recording timestamp annotations in the AOF to support restoring
# the data from a specific point-in-time. However, using this capability changes
# the AOF format in a way that may not be compatible with existing AOF parsers.
aof-timestamp-enabled no
################################ SHUTDOWN #####################################
# Maximum time to wait for replicas when shutting down, in seconds.
#
# During shut down, a grace period allows any lagging replicas to catch up with
# the latest replication offset before the master exists. This period can
# prevent data loss, especially for deployments without configured disk backups.
#
# The \’shutdown-timeout\’ value is the grace period\’s duration in seconds. It is
# only applicable when the instance has replicas. To disable the feature, set
# the value to 0.
#
# shutdown-timeout 10
# When Redis receives a SIGINT or SIGTERM, shutdown is initiated and by default
# an RDB snapshot is written to disk in a blocking operation if save points are configured.
# The options used on signaled shutdown can include the following values:
# default: Saves RDB snapshot only if save points are configured.
# Waits for lagging replicas to catch up.
# save: Forces a DB saving operation even if no save points are configured.
# nosave: Prevents DB saving operation even if one or more save points are configured.
# now: Skips waiting for lagging replicas.
# force: Ignores any errors that would normally prevent the server from exiting.
#
# Any combination of values is allowed as long as \”save\” and \”nosave\” are not set simultaneously.
# Example: \”nosave force now\”
#
# shutdown-on-sigint default
# shutdown-on-sigterm default
################ NON-DETERMINISTIC LONG BLOCKING COMMANDS #####################
# Maximum time in milliseconds for EVAL scripts, functions and in some cases
# modules\’ commands before Redis can start processing or rejecting other clients.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will start to reply to most
# commands with a BUSY error.
#
# In this state Redis will only allow a handful of commands to be executed.
# For instance, SCRIPT KILL, FUNCTION KILL, SHUTDOWN NOSAVE and possibly some
# module specific \’allow-busy\’ commands.
#
# SCRIPT KILL and FUNCTION KILL will only be able to stop a script that did not
# yet call any write commands, so SHUTDOWN NOSAVE may be the only way to stop
# the server in the case a write command was already issued by the script when
# the user doesn\’t want to wait for the natural termination of the script.
#
# The default is 5 seconds. It is possible to set it to 0 or a negative value
# to disable this mechanism (uninterrupted execution). Note that in the past
# this config had a different name, which is now an alias, so both of these do
# the same:
# lua-time-limit 5000
# busy-reply-threshold 5000
################################ REDIS CLUSTER ###############################
# Normal Redis instances can\’t be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
# cluster-enabled yes
cluster-enabled no
# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf
# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are a multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000
# The cluster port is the port that the cluster bus will listen for inbound connections on. When set
# to the default value, 0, it will be bound to the command port + 10000. Setting this value requires
# you to specify the cluster bus port when executing cluster meet.
# cluster-port 0
# A replica of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a replica to actually have an exact measure of
# its \”data age\”, so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple replicas able to failover, they exchange messages
# in order to try to give an advantage to the replica with the best
# replication offset (more data from the master processed).
# Replicas will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
# of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single replica computes the time of the last interaction with
# its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
# is still in the \”connected\” state), or the time that elapsed since the
# disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
# If the last interaction is too old, the replica will not try to failover
# at all.
#
# The point \”2\” can be tuned by user. Specifically a replica will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
# (node-timeout * cluster-replica-validity-factor) + repl-ping-replica-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-replica-period of 10 seconds, the
# replica will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large cluster-replica-validity-factor may allow replicas with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a replica at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that replicas will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they\’ll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-replica-validity-factor 10
# Cluster replicas are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working replicas. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can\’t be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working replicas.
#
# Replicas migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working replicas for their old master. This number
# is the \”migration barrier\”. A migration barrier of 1 means that a replica
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working replica for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of replicas you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (replicas migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one replica). To disable migration just set it to a very large value or
# set cluster-allow-replica-migration to \’no\’.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1
# Turning off this option allows to use less automatic cluster configuration.
# It both disables migration to orphaned masters and migration from masters
# that became empty.
#
# Default is \’yes\’ (allow automatic migrations).
#
# cluster-allow-replica-migration yes
# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
# is at least a hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
#
# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
# option to no.
#
# cluster-require-full-coverage yes
# This option, when set to yes, prevents replicas from trying to failover its
# master during master failures. However the replica can still perform a
# manual failover, if forced to do so.
#
# This is useful in different scenarios, especially in the case of multiple
# data center operations, where we want one side to never be promoted if not
# in the case of a total DC failure.
#
# cluster-replica-no-failover no
# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve read traffic while the
# cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful for two cases. The first case is for when an application
# doesn\’t require consistency of data during node failures or network partitions.
# One example of this is a cache, where as long as the node has the data it
# should be able to serve it.
#
# The second use case is for configurations that don\’t meet the recommended
# three shards but want to enable cluster mode and scale later. A
# master outage in a 1 or 2 shard configuration causes a read/write outage to the
# entire cluster without this option set, with it set there is only a write outage.
# Without a quorum of masters, slot ownership will not change automatically.
#
# cluster-allow-reads-when-down no
# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve pubsub shard traffic while
# the cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
#
# This is useful if the application would like to use the pubsub feature even when
# the cluster global stable state is not OK. If the application wants to make sure only
# one shard is serving a given channel, this feature should be kept as yes.
#
# cluster-allow-pubsubshard-when-down yes
# Cluster link send buffer limit is the limit on the memory usage of an individual
# cluster bus link\’s send buffer in bytes. Cluster links would be freed if they exceed
# this limit. This is to primarily prevent send buffers from growing unbounded on links
# toward slow peers (E.g. PubSub messages being piled up).
# This limit is disabled by default. Enable this limit when \’mem_cluster_links\’ INFO field
# and/or \’send-buffer-allocated\’ entries in the \’CLUSTER LINKS` command output continuously increase.
# Minimum limit of 1gb is recommended so that cluster link buffer can fit in at least a single
# PubSub message by default. (client-query-buffer-limit default value is 1gb)
#
# cluster-link-sendbuf-limit 0

# Clusters can configure their announced hostname using this config. This is a common use case for
# applications that need to use TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) or dealing with DNS based
# routing. By default this value is only shown as additional metadata in the CLUSTER SLOTS
# command, but can be changed using \’cluster-preferred-endpoint-type\’ config. This value is
# communicated along the clusterbus to all nodes, setting it to an empty string will remove
# the hostname and also propagate the removal.
#
# cluster-announce-hostname \”\”
# Clusters can advertise how clients should connect to them using either their IP address,
# a user defined hostname, or by declaring they have no endpoint. Which endpoint is
# shown as the preferred endpoint is set by using the cluster-preferred-endpoint-type
# config with values \’ip\’, \’hostname\’, or \’unknown-endpoint\’. This value controls how
# the endpoint returned for MOVED/ASKING requests as well as the first field of CLUSTER SLOTS.
# If the preferred endpoint type is set to hostname, but no announced hostname is set, a \’?\’
# will be returned instead.
#
# When a cluster advertises itself as having an unknown endpoint, it\’s indicating that
# the server doesn\’t know how clients can reach the cluster. This can happen in certain
# networking situations where there are multiple possible routes to the node, and the
# server doesn\’t know which one the client took. In this case, the server is expecting
# the client to reach out on the same endpoint it used for making the last request, but use
# the port provided in the response.
#
# cluster-preferred-endpoint-type ip
# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at https://redis.io web site.
########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support ########################
# In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because
# addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is
# Docker and other containers).
#
# In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static
# configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The
# following four options are used for this scope, and are:
#
# * cluster-announce-ip
# * cluster-announce-port
# * cluster-announce-tls-port
# * cluster-announce-bus-port
#
# Each instructs the node about its address, client ports (for connections
# without and with TLS) and cluster message bus port. The information is then
# published in the header of the bus packets so that other nodes will be able to
# correctly map the address of the node publishing the information.
#
# If cluster-tls is set to yes and cluster-announce-tls-port is omitted or set
# to zero, then cluster-announce-port refers to the TLS port. Note also that
# cluster-announce-tls-port has no effect if cluster-tls is set to no.
#
# If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection
# will be used instead.
#
# Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of
# clients port + 10000, so you can specify any port and bus-port depending
# on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of
# 10000 will be used as usual.
#
# Example:
#
# cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5
# cluster-announce-tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-port 0
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380
################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.
# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 128
################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################
# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
# latency of a Redis instance.
#
# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
# print graphs and obtain reports.
#
# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
#
# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
# if you don\’t have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
# monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command
# \”CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>\” if needed.
latency-monitor-threshold 0
################################ LATENCY TRACKING ##############################
# The Redis extended latency monitoring tracks the per command latencies and enables
# exporting the percentile distribution via the INFO latencystats command,
# and cumulative latency distributions (histograms) via the LATENCY command.
#
# By default, the extended latency monitoring is enabled since the overhead
# of keeping track of the command latency is very small.
# latency-tracking yes
# By default the exported latency percentiles via the INFO latencystats command
# are the p50, p99, and p999.
# latency-tracking-info-percentiles 50 99 99.9
############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################
# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at https://redis.io/topics/notifications
#
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key \”foo\” stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
# K Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
# E Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
# g Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, …
# $ String commands
# l List commands
# s Set commands
# h Hash commands
# z Sorted set commands
# x Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
# e Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
# n New key events (Note: not included in the \’A\’ class)
# t Stream commands
# d Module key type events
# m Key-miss events (Note: It is not included in the \’A\’ class)
# A Alias for g$lshzxetd, so that the \”AKE\” string means all the events
# (Except key-miss events which are excluded from \’A\’ due to their
# unique nature).
#
# The \”notify-keyspace-events\” takes as argument a string that is composed
# of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
# are disabled.
#
# Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
# event name, use:
#
# notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
# Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
# name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
# notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
# By default all notifications are disabled because most users don\’t need
# this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don\’t
# specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events \”\”
############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-listpack-entries 512
hash-max-listpack-value 64
# Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.
# The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified
# as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.
# For a fixed maximum size, use -5 through -1, meaning:
# -5: max size: 64 Kb <– not recommended for normal workloads
# -4: max size: 32 Kb <– not recommended
# -3: max size: 16 Kb <– probably not recommended
# -2: max size: 8 Kb <– good
# -1: max size: 4 Kb <– good
# Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements
# per list node.
# The highest performing option is usually -2 (8 Kb size) or -1 (4 Kb size),
# but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.
list-max-listpack-size -2
# Lists may also be compressed.
# Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of
# the list to *exclude* from compression. The head and tail of the list
# are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations. Settings are:
# 0: disable all list compression
# 1: depth 1 means \”don\’t start compressing until after 1 node into the list,
# going from either the head or tail\”
# So: [head]->node->node->…->node->[tail]
# [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.
# 2: [head]->[next]->node->node->…->node->[prev]->[tail]
# 2 here means: don\’t compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,
# but compress all nodes between them.
# 3: [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->…->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]
# etc.
list-compress-depth 0
# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512
# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-listpack-entries 128
zset-max-listpack-value 64
# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
#
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 – 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
# Streams macro node max size / items. The stream data structure is a radix
# tree of big nodes that encode multiple items inside. Using this configuration
# it is possible to configure how big a single node can be in bytes, and the
# maximum number of items it may contain before switching to a new node when
# appending new stream entries. If any of the following settings are set to
# zero, the limit is ignored, so for instance it is possible to set just a
# max entries limit by setting max-bytes to 0 and max-entries to the desired
# value.
stream-node-max-bytes 4096
stream-node-max-entries 100
# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing \”steps\” are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use \”activerehashing no\” if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use \”activerehashing yes\” if you don\’t have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes
# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can\’t consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
# replica -> replica clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don\’t receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and replica clients, since
# subscribers and replicas receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Note that it doesn\’t make sense to set the replica clients output buffer
# limit lower than the repl-backlog-size config (partial sync will succeed
# and then replica will get disconnected).
# Such a configuration is ignored (the size of repl-backlog-size will be used).
# This doesn\’t have memory consumption implications since the replica client
# will share the backlog buffers memory.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
# Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed
# amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for
# instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in
# the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special
# needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.
#
# client-query-buffer-limit 1gb
# In some scenarios client connections can hog up memory leading to OOM
# errors or data eviction. To avoid this we can cap the accumulated memory
# used by all client connections (all pubsub and normal clients). Once we
# reach that limit connections will be dropped by the server freeing up
# memory. The server will attempt to drop the connections using the most
# memory first. We call this mechanism \”client eviction\”.
#
# Client eviction is configured using the maxmemory-clients setting as follows:
# 0 – client eviction is disabled (default)
#
# A memory value can be used for the client eviction threshold,
# for example:
# maxmemory-clients 1g
#
# A percentage value (between 1% and 100%) means the client eviction threshold
# is based on a percentage of the maxmemory setting. For example to set client
# eviction at 5% of maxmemory:
# maxmemory-clients 5%
# In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single
# strings, are normally limited to 512 mb. However you can change this limit
# here, but must be 1mb or greater
#
# proto-max-bulk-len 512mb
# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform according to the specified \”hz\” value.
#
# By default \”hz\” is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10
# Normally it is useful to have an HZ value which is proportional to the
# number of clients connected. This is useful in order, for instance, to
# avoid too many clients are processed for each background task invocation
# in order to avoid latency spikes.
#
# Since the default HZ value by default is conservatively set to 10, Redis
# offers, and enables by default, the ability to use an adaptive HZ value
# which will temporarily raise when there are many connected clients.
#
# When dynamic HZ is enabled, the actual configured HZ will be used
# as a baseline, but multiples of the configured HZ value will be actually
# used as needed once more clients are connected. In this way an idle
# instance will use very little CPU time while a busy instance will be
# more responsive.
dynamic-hz yes
# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
# When redis saves RDB file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 4 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes
# Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good
# idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating
# how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which
# is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.
#
# There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the
# counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to
# understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.
#
# The LFU counter is just 8 bits per key, it\’s maximum value is 255, so Redis
# uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value
# of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in
# this way:
#
# 1. A random number R between 0 and 1 is extracted.
# 2. A probability P is calculated as 1/(old_value*lfu_log_factor+1).
# 3. The counter is incremented only if R < P.
#
# The default lfu-log-factor is 10. This is a table of how the frequency
# counter changes with a different number of accesses with different
# logarithmic factors:
#
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | factor | 100 hits | 1000 hits | 100K hits | 1M hits | 10M hits |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | 0 | 104 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | 1 | 18 | 49 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | 10 | 10 | 18 | 142 | 255 | 255 |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
# | 100 | 8 | 11 | 49 | 143 | 255 |
# +——–+————+————+————+————+————+
#
# NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:
#
# redis-benchmark -n 1000000 incr foo
# redis-cli object freq foo
#
# NOTE 2: The counter initial value is 5 in order to give new objects a chance
# to accumulate hits.
#
# The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order
# for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value
# less <= 10).
#
# The default value for the lfu-decay-time is 1. A special value of 0 means to
# decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.
#
# lfu-log-factor 10
# lfu-decay-time 1
########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################
#
# What is active defragmentation?
# ——————————-
#
# Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the
# spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,
# thus allowing to reclaim back memory.
#
# Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but
# less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server
# restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush
# away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature
# implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime
# in a \”hot\” way, while the server is running.
#
# Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the
# configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the
# values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc
# features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation
# and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the
# old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys
# will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.
#
# Important things to understand:
#
# 1. This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis
# to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.
# This is the default with Linux builds.
#
# 2. You never need to enable this feature if you don\’t have fragmentation
# issues.
#
# 3. Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when
# needed with the command \”CONFIG SET activedefrag yes\”.
#
# The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the
# defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is
# a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.
# Active defragmentation is disabled by default
# activedefrag no
# Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag
# active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb
# Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag
# active-defrag-threshold-lower 10
# Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort
# active-defrag-threshold-upper 100
# Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the lower
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-min 1
# Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the upper
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-max 25
# Maximum number of set/hash/zset/list fields that will be processed from
# the main dictionary scan
# active-defrag-max-scan-fields 1000
# Jemalloc background thread for purging will be enabled by default
jemalloc-bg-thread yes
# It is possible to pin different threads and processes of Redis to specific
# CPUs in your system, in order to maximize the performances of the server.
# This is useful both in order to pin different Redis threads in different
# CPUs, but also in order to make sure that multiple Redis instances running
# in the same host will be pinned to different CPUs.
#
# Normally you can do this using the \”taskset\” command, however it is also
# possible to this via Redis configuration directly, both in Linux and FreeBSD.
#
# You can pin the server/IO threads, bio threads, aof rewrite child process, and
# the bgsave child process. The syntax to specify the cpu list is the same as
# the taskset command:
#
# Set redis server/io threads to cpu affinity 0,2,4,6:
# server_cpulist 0-7:2
#
# Set bio threads to cpu affinity 1,3:
# bio_cpulist 1,3
#
# Set aof rewrite child process to cpu affinity 8,9,10,11:
# aof_rewrite_cpulist 8-11
#
# Set bgsave child process to cpu affinity 1,10,11
# bgsave_cpulist 1,10-11
# In some cases redis will emit warnings and even refuse to start if it detects
# that the system is in bad state, it is possible to suppress these warnings
# by setting the following config which takes a space delimited list of warnings
# to suppress
#
# ignore-warnings ARM64-COW-BUG

(2)监控节点

sentinel-0:192.168.0.231:26379
sentinel-1:192.168.0.231:36379
sentinel-2:192.168.0.231:46379
sentinel-3:192.168.0.232:26379
sentinel-4:192.168.0.232:36379
sentinel-5:192.168.0.233:26379
sentinel-6:192.168.0.233:36379

sentinel配置

#端口
port 26379
#后台运行
daemonize yes
#pid
pidfile \”/home/czh/sentinel_data_05/redis-sentinel.pid\”
#日志
logfile \”/home/czh/sentinel_data_05/sentinel.log\”
#工作目录
dir \”/home/czh/sentinel_data_05\”
#监控主节点，及失败投票变换主节点数目
sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.0.231 6379 4
#主节点密码
sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123456
#监控节点密码
requirepass \”123456\”
#同步主节点数目
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1
#master响应超时时间（毫秒），Sentinel会向master发送ping来确认master，如果在20秒内，ping不通master，则主观认为master不可用
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 20000
#故障转移超时时间（毫秒），如果3分钟内没有完成故障转移操作，则视为转移失败
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 180000

例如

# Example sentinel.conf
# By default protected mode is disabled in sentinel mode. Sentinel is reachable
# from interfaces different than localhost. Make sure the sentinel instance is
# protected from the outside world via firewalling or other means.
protected-mode no
# port <sentinel-port>
# The port that this sentinel instance will run on
port 26379
# By default Redis Sentinel does not run as a daemon. Use \’yes\’ if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis-sentinel.pid when
# daemonized.
daemonize no
# When running daemonized, Redis Sentinel writes a pid file in
# /var/run/redis-sentinel.pid by default. You can specify a custom pid file
# location here.
pidfile /var/run/redis-sentinel.pid
# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Sentinel to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile \”\”
# sentinel announce-ip <ip>
# sentinel announce-port <port>
#
# The above two configuration directives are useful in environments where,
# because of NAT, Sentinel is reachable from outside via a non-local address.
#
# When announce-ip is provided, the Sentinel will claim the specified IP address
# in HELLO messages used to gossip its presence, instead of auto-detecting the
# local address as it usually does.
#
# Similarly when announce-port is provided and is valid and non-zero, Sentinel
# will announce the specified TCP port.
#
# The two options don\’t need to be used together, if only announce-ip is
# provided, the Sentinel will announce the specified IP and the server port
# as specified by the \”port\” option. If only announce-port is provided, the
# Sentinel will announce the auto-detected local IP and the specified port.
#
# Example:
#
# sentinel announce-ip 1.2.3.4
# dir <working-directory>
# Every long running process should have a well-defined working directory.
# For Redis Sentinel to chdir to /tmp at startup is the simplest thing
# for the process to don\’t interfere with administrative tasks such as
# unmounting filesystems.
dir /tmp
# sentinel monitor <master-name> <ip> <redis-port> <quorum>
#
# Tells Sentinel to monitor this master, and to consider it in O_DOWN
# (Objectively Down) state only if at least <quorum> sentinels agree.
#
# Note that whatever is the ODOWN quorum, a Sentinel will require to
# be elected by the majority of the known Sentinels in order to
# start a failover, so no failover can be performed in minority.
#
# Replicas are auto-discovered, so you don\’t need to specify replicas in
# any way. Sentinel itself will rewrite this configuration file adding
# the replicas using additional configuration options.
# Also note that the configuration file is rewritten when a
# replica is promoted to master.
#
# Note: master name should not include special characters or spaces.
# The valid charset is A-z 0-9 and the three characters \”.-_\”.
sentinel monitor mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 2
# sentinel auth-pass <master-name> <password>
#
# Set the password to use to authenticate with the master and replicas.
# Useful if there is a password set in the Redis instances to monitor.
#
# Note that the master password is also used for replicas, so it is not
# possible to set a different password in masters and replicas instances
# if you want to be able to monitor these instances with Sentinel.
#
# However you can have Redis instances without the authentication enabled
# mixed with Redis instances requiring the authentication (as long as the
# password set is the same for all the instances requiring the password) as
# the AUTH command will have no effect in Redis instances with authentication
# switched off.
#
# Example:
#
# sentinel auth-pass mymaster MySUPER–secret-0123passw0rd
# sentinel auth-user <master-name> <username>
#
# This is useful in order to authenticate to instances having ACL capabilities,
# that is, running Redis 6.0 or greater. When just auth-pass is provided the
# Sentinel instance will authenticate to Redis using the old \”AUTH <pass>\”
# method. When also an username is provided, it will use \”AUTH <user> <pass>\”.
# In the Redis servers side, the ACL to provide just minimal access to
# Sentinel instances, should be configured along the following lines:
#
# user sentinel-user >somepassword +client +subscribe +publish \\
# +ping +info +multi +slaveof +config +client +exec on
# sentinel down-after-milliseconds <master-name> <milliseconds>
#
# Number of milliseconds the master (or any attached replica or sentinel) should
# be unreachable (as in, not acceptable reply to PING, continuously, for the
# specified period) in order to consider it in S_DOWN state (Subjectively
# Down).
#
# Default is 30 seconds.
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 30000
# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6.2 ACL capability is supported for
# Sentinel mode, please refer to the Redis website https://redis.io/topics/acl
# for more details.
# Sentinel\’s ACL users are defined in the following format:
#
# user <username> … acl rules …
#
# For example:
#
# user worker +@admin +@connection ~* on >ffa9203c493aa99
#
# For more information about ACL configuration please refer to the Redis
# website at https://redis.io/topics/acl and redis server configuration
# template redis.conf.
# ACL LOG
#
# The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated
# with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked
# by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with
# ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.
acllog-max-len 128
# Using an external ACL file
#
# Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use
# a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:
# if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external
# ACL file, the server will refuse to start.
#
# The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the
# format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.
#
# aclfile /etc/redis/sentinel-users.acl
# requirepass <password>
#
# You can configure Sentinel itself to require a password, however when doing
# so Sentinel will try to authenticate with the same password to all the
# other Sentinels. So you need to configure all your Sentinels in a given
# group with the same \”requirepass\” password. Check the following documentation
# for more info: https://redis.io/topics/sentinel
#
# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6.2 \”requirepass\” is a compatibility
# layer on top of the ACL system. The option effect will be just setting
# the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using
# AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>
# if they follow the new protocol: both will work.
#
# New config files are advised to use separate authentication control for
# incoming connections (via ACL), and for outgoing connections (via
# sentinel-user and sentinel-pass)
#
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
# sentinel sentinel-user <username>
#
# You can configure Sentinel to authenticate with other Sentinels with specific
# user name.
# sentinel sentinel-pass <password>
#
# The password for Sentinel to authenticate with other Sentinels. If sentinel-user
# is not configured, Sentinel will use \’default\’ user with sentinel-pass to authenticate.
# sentinel parallel-syncs <master-name> <numreplicas>
#
# How many replicas we can reconfigure to point to the new replica simultaneously
# during the failover. Use a low number if you use the replicas to serve query
# to avoid that all the replicas will be unreachable at about the same
# time while performing the synchronization with the master.
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1
# sentinel failover-timeout <master-name> <milliseconds>
#
# Specifies the failover timeout in milliseconds. It is used in many ways:
#
# – The time needed to re-start a failover after a previous failover was
# already tried against the same master by a given Sentinel, is two
# times the failover timeout.
#
# – The time needed for a replica replicating to a wrong master according
# to a Sentinel current configuration, to be forced to replicate
# with the right master, is exactly the failover timeout (counting since
# the moment a Sentinel detected the misconfiguration).
#
# – The time needed to cancel a failover that is already in progress but
# did not produced any configuration change (SLAVEOF NO ONE yet not
# acknowledged by the promoted replica).
#
# – The maximum time a failover in progress waits for all the replicas to be
# reconfigured as replicas of the new master. However even after this time
# the replicas will be reconfigured by the Sentinels anyway, but not with
# the exact parallel-syncs progression as specified.
#
# Default is 3 minutes.
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 180000
# SCRIPTS EXECUTION
#
# sentinel notification-script and sentinel reconfig-script are used in order
# to configure scripts that are called to notify the system administrator
# or to reconfigure clients after a failover. The scripts are executed
# with the following rules for error handling:
#
# If script exits with \”1\” the execution is retried later (up to a maximum
# number of times currently set to 10).
#
# If script exits with \”2\” (or an higher value) the script execution is
# not retried.
#
# If script terminates because it receives a signal the behavior is the same
# as exit code 1.
#
# A script has a maximum running time of 60 seconds. After this limit is
# reached the script is terminated with a SIGKILL and the execution retried.
# NOTIFICATION SCRIPT
#
# sentinel notification-script <master-name> <script-path>
#
# Call the specified notification script for any sentinel event that is
# generated in the WARNING level (for instance -sdown, -odown, and so forth).
# This script should notify the system administrator via email, SMS, or any
# other messaging system, that there is something wrong with the monitored
# Redis systems.
#
# The script is called with just two arguments: the first is the event type
# and the second the event description.
#
# The script must exist and be executable in order for sentinel to start if
# this option is provided.
#
# Example:
#
# sentinel notification-script mymaster /var/redis/notify.sh
# CLIENTS RECONFIGURATION SCRIPT
#
# sentinel client-reconfig-script <master-name> <script-path>
#
# When the master changed because of a failover a script can be called in
# order to perform application-specific tasks to notify the clients that the
# configuration has changed and the master is at a different address.
#
# The following arguments are passed to the script:
#
# <master-name> <role> <state> <from-ip> <from-port> <to-ip> <to-port>
#
# <state> is currently always \”start\”
# <role> is either \”leader\” or \”observer\”
#
# The arguments from-ip, from-port, to-ip, to-port are used to communicate
# the old address of the master and the new address of the elected replica
# (now a master).
#
# This script should be resistant to multiple invocations.
#
# Example:
#
# sentinel client-reconfig-script mymaster /var/redis/reconfig.sh
# SECURITY
#
# By default SENTINEL SET will not be able to change the notification-script
# and client-reconfig-script at runtime. This avoids a trivial security issue
# where clients can set the script to anything and trigger a failover in order
# to get the program executed.
sentinel deny-scripts-reconfig yes
# REDIS COMMANDS RENAMING (DEPRECATED)
#
# WARNING: avoid using this option if possible, instead use ACLs.
#
# Sometimes the Redis server has certain commands, that are needed for Sentinel
# to work correctly, renamed to unguessable strings. This is often the case
# of CONFIG and SLAVEOF in the context of providers that provide Redis as
# a service, and don\’t want the customers to reconfigure the instances outside
# of the administration console.
#
# In such case it is possible to tell Sentinel to use different command names
# instead of the normal ones. For example if the master \”mymaster\”, and the
# associated replicas, have \”CONFIG\” all renamed to \”GUESSME\”, I could use:
#
# SENTINEL rename-command mymaster CONFIG GUESSME
#
# After such configuration is set, every time Sentinel would use CONFIG it will
# use GUESSME instead. Note that there is no actual need to respect the command
# case, so writing \”config guessme\” is the same in the example above.
#
# SENTINEL SET can also be used in order to perform this configuration at runtime.
#
# In order to set a command back to its original name (undo the renaming), it
# is possible to just rename a command to itself:
#
# SENTINEL rename-command mymaster CONFIG CONFIG
# HOSTNAMES SUPPORT
#
# Normally Sentinel uses only IP addresses and requires SENTINEL MONITOR
# to specify an IP address. Also, it requires the Redis replica-announce-ip
# keyword to specify only IP addresses.
#
# You may enable hostnames support by enabling resolve-hostnames. Note
# that you must make sure your DNS is configured properly and that DNS
# resolution does not introduce very long delays.
#
SENTINEL resolve-hostnames no
# When resolve-hostnames is enabled, Sentinel still uses IP addresses
# when exposing instances to users, configuration files, etc. If you want
# to retain the hostnames when announced, enable announce-hostnames below.
#
SENTINEL announce-hostnames no
# When master_reboot_down_after_period is set to 0, Sentinel does not fail over
# when receiving a -LOADING response from a master. This was the only supported
# behavior before version 7.0.
#
# Otherwise, Sentinel will use this value as the time (in ms) it is willing to
# accept a -LOADING response after a master has been rebooted, before failing
# over.
SENTINEL master-reboot-down-after-period mymaster 0

(3) 监控节点启动
./sentinel-server sentinel.conf
或者
./redis-server sentinel.conf –sentinel

连接例子：

（1）Redisson 连接

pom.xml

<!– https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.redisson/redisson –>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.redisson</groupId>
<artifactId>redisson</artifactId>
<version>3.30.0</version>
</dependency>

MasterSlaveServersRedissonConfig.java

package com.cjs.redisson.example.cjsredissonexample.config;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.redisson.config.MasterSlaveServersConfig;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.redisson.config.Config;
import org.redisson.Redisson;
/**
* 主从配置
*/
@Configuration
public class MasterSlaveServersRedissonConfig {
@Bean(\”redissonClient\”)
public RedissonClient redissonClient() {
Config config = new Config();
// 设置主节点信息
MasterSlaveServersConfig serverConfig = config.useMasterSlaveServers()
// 主节点地址和端口
.setMasterAddress(\”redis://192.168.0.231:6379\”)
// 主节点密码
.setPassword(\”123456\”);
// 可以添加一个或多个从节点
serverConfig.addSlaveAddress(\”redis://192.168.0.232:6379\”,
\”redis://192.168.0.231:6379\”);
// 创建RedissonClient实例
RedissonClient redissonClient = Redisson.create(config);
return redissonClient;
}
}

（2） jredis 连接

pom.xml

<!– https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/redis.clients/jedis –>
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0-beta2</version>
</dependency>

@Bean
public JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig() {
JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(10);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(5);
jedisPoolConfig.setMinIdle(1);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(3000);
jedisPoolConfig.setTestOnBorrow(true);
return jedisPoolConfig;
}
@Bean
public JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory(JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig) {
JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory();
jedisConnectionFactory.setHostName(\”192.168.0.231\”);
jedisConnectionFactory.setPort(6379);
jedisConnectionFactory.setUsePool(true);
jedisConnectionFactory.setPoolConfig(jedisPoolConfig);
return jedisConnectionFactory;
}
@Autowired
private JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory;
public void operateRedis() {
RedisConnection connection = jedisConnectionFactory.getConnection();
connection.set(\”key\”, \”value\”.getBytes());
byte[] value = connection.get(\”key\”.getBytes());
System.out.println(new String(value));
connection.close();
}

（3）Lettuce 连接

pom.xml

<!– https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-data-redis –>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>

yaml

spring:
redis:
database: 0
host: 192.168.0.231
port: 6379
password: 123456
lettuce:
pool:
max-active: 8
max-wait: -1ms
max-idle: 8
min-idle: 0
timeout: 2000

@Configuration
public class LettuceRedisConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
// 创建一个新的RedisTemplate实例，用于操作Redis
RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>();
// 设置RedisTemplate使用的连接工厂，以便它能够连接到Redis服务器
redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);

// 创建一个StringRedisSerializer实例，用于序列化Redis的key为字符串
StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();

// 创建一个Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer实例，用于序列化Redis的value为JSON格式
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);

// 创建一个ObjectMapper实例，用于处理JSON的序列化和反序列化
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

// 设置ObjectMapper的属性访问级别，以便能够序列化对象的所有属性
objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);

// 启用默认的类型信息，以便在反序列化时能够知道对象的实际类型
// 注意：这里使用了新的方法替换了过期的enableDefaultTyping方法
// 方法过期，改为下面代码
// objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
objectMapper.activateDefaultTyping(LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator.instance,
ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL, JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY);

// 设置Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer使用的ObjectMapper
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);

// 设置RedisTemplate的key序列化器为stringRedisSerializer
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer); // key的序列化类型
// 设置RedisTemplate的value序列化器为jackson2JsonRedisSerializer
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); // value的序列化类型

// 设置RedisTemplate的hash key序列化器为stringRedisSerializer
redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer); // key的序列化类型
// 设置RedisTemplate的hash value序列化器为jackson2JsonRedisSerializer
redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); // value的序列化类型

// 调用RedisTemplate的afterPropertiesSet方法，该方法会执行一些初始化操作，比如检查序列化器是否设置等
redisTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();

// 返回配置好的RedisTemplate实例
return redisTemplate;
}
}
package com.lsqingfeng.springboot.utils;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Component
public class RedisUtil {

@Autowired
private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
/**
* 给一个指定的 key 值附加过期时间
*
* @param key
* @param time
* @return
*/
public boolean expire(String key, long time) {
return redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
/**
* 根据key 获取过期时间
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public long getTime(String key) {
return redisTemplate.getExpire(key, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
/**
* 根据key 获取过期时间
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public boolean hasKey(String key) {
return redisTemplate.hasKey(key);
}
/**
* 移除指定key 的过期时间
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public boolean persist(String key) {
return redisTemplate.boundValueOps(key).persist();
}

//- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – String类型 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

/**
* 根据key获取值
*
* @param key 键
* @return 值
*/
public Object get(String key) {
return key == null ? null : redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
}

/**
* 将值放入缓存
*
* @param key 键
* @param value 值
* @return true成功 false 失败
*/
public void set(String key, String value) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
}

/**
* 将值放入缓存并设置时间
*
* @param key 键
* @param value 值
* @param time 时间(秒) -1为无期限
* @return true成功 false 失败
*/
public void set(String key, String value, long time) {
if (time > 0) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} else {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
}
}

/**
* 批量添加 key (重复的键会覆盖)
*
* @param keyAndValue
*/
public void batchSet(Map<String, String> keyAndValue) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().multiSet(keyAndValue);
}

/**
* 批量添加 key-value 只有在键不存在时,才添加
* map 中只要有一个key存在,则全部不添加
*
* @param keyAndValue
*/
public void batchSetIfAbsent(Map<String, String> keyAndValue) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().multiSetIfAbsent(keyAndValue);
}

/**
* 对一个 key-value 的值进行加减操作,
* 如果该 key 不存在 将创建一个key 并赋值该 number
* 如果 key 存在,但 value 不是长整型 ,将报错
*
* @param key
* @param number
*/
public Long increment(String key, long number) {
return redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, number);
}

/**
* 对一个 key-value 的值进行加减操作,
* 如果该 key 不存在 将创建一个key 并赋值该 number
* 如果 key 存在,但 value 不是 纯数字 ,将报错
*
* @param key
* @param number
*/
public Double increment(String key, double number) {
return redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, number);
}

//- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – set类型 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

/**
* 将数据放入set缓存
*
* @param key 键
* @return
*/
public void sSet(String key, String value) {
redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, value);
}

/**
* 获取变量中的值
*
* @param key 键
* @return
*/
public Set<Object> members(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(key);
}

/**
* 随机获取变量中指定个数的元素
*
* @param key 键
* @param count 值
* @return
*/
public void randomMembers(String key, long count) {
redisTemplate.opsForSet().randomMembers(key, count);
}

/**
* 随机获取变量中的元素
*
* @param key 键
* @return
*/
public Object randomMember(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().randomMember(key);
}

/**
* 弹出变量中的元素
*
* @param key 键
* @return
*/
public Object pop(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop(\”setValue\”);
}

/**
* 获取变量中值的长度
*
* @param key 键
* @return
*/
public long size(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().size(key);
}

/**
* 根据value从一个set中查询,是否存在
*
* @param key 键
* @param value 值
* @return true 存在 false不存在
*/
public boolean sHasKey(String key, Object value) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(key, value);
}

/**
* 检查给定的元素是否在变量中。
*
* @param key 键
* @param obj 元素对象
* @return
*/
public boolean isMember(String key, Object obj) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(key, obj);
}

/**
* 转移变量的元素值到目的变量。
*
* @param key 键
* @param value 元素对象
* @param destKey 元素对象
* @return
*/
public boolean move(String key, String value, String destKey) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().move(key, value, destKey);
}

/**
* 批量移除set缓存中元素
*
* @param key 键
* @param values 值
* @return
*/
public void remove(String key, Object… values) {
redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove(key, values);
}

/**
* 通过给定的key求2个set变量的差值
*
* @param key 键
* @param destKey 键
* @return
*/
public Set<Set> difference(String key, String destKey) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().difference(key, destKey);
}

//- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – hash类型 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

/**
* 加入缓存
*
* @param key 键
* @param map 键
* @return
*/
public void add(String key, Map<String, String> map) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key, map);
}

/**
* 获取 key 下的 所有 hashkey 和 value
*
* @param key 键
* @return
*/
public Map<Object, Object> getHashEntries(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries(key);
}

/**
* 验证指定 key 下 有没有指定的 hashkey
*
* @param key
* @param hashKey
* @return
*/
public boolean hashKey(String key, String hashKey) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().hasKey(key, hashKey);
}

/**
* 获取指定key的值string
*
* @param key 键
* @param key2 键
* @return
*/
public String getMapString(String key, String key2) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(\”map1\”, \”key1\”).toString();
}

/**
* 获取指定的值Int
*
* @param key 键
* @param key2 键
* @return
*/
public Integer getMapInt(String key, String key2) {
return (Integer) redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(\”map1\”, \”key1\”);
}

/**
* 弹出元素并删除
*
* @param key 键
* @return
*/
public String popValue(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop(key).toString();
}

/**
* 删除指定 hash 的 HashKey
*
* @param key
* @param hashKeys
* @return 删除成功的 数量
*/
public Long delete(String key, String… hashKeys) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key, hashKeys);
}

/**
* 给指定 hash 的 hashkey 做增减操作
*
* @param key
* @param hashKey
* @param number
* @return
*/
public Long increment(String key, String hashKey, long number) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, hashKey, number);
}

/**
* 给指定 hash 的 hashkey 做增减操作
*
* @param key
* @param hashKey
* @param number
* @return
*/
public Double increment(String key, String hashKey, Double number) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, hashKey, number);
}

/**
* 获取 key 下的 所有 hashkey 字段
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public Set<Object> hashKeys(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().keys(key);
}

/**
* 获取指定 hash 下面的 键值对 数量
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public Long hashSize(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().size(key);
}

//- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – list类型 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

/**
* 在变量左边添加元素值
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @return
*/
public void leftPush(String key, Object value) {
redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(key, value);
}

/**
* 获取集合指定位置的值。
*
* @param key
* @param index
* @return
*/
public Object index(String key, long index) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().index(\”list\”, 1);
}

/**
* 获取指定区间的值。
*
* @param key
* @param start
* @param end
* @return
*/
public List<Object> range(String key, long start, long end) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().range(key, start, end);
}

/**
* 把最后一个参数值放到指定集合的第一个出现中间参数的前面，
* 如果中间参数值存在的话。
*
* @param key
* @param pivot
* @param value
* @return
*/
public void leftPush(String key, String pivot, String value) {
redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(key, pivot, value);
}

/**
* 向左边批量添加参数元素。
*
* @param key
* @param values
* @return
*/
public void leftPushAll(String key, String… values) {
// redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPushAll(key,\”w\”,\”x\”,\”y\”);
redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPushAll(key, values);
}

/**
* 向集合最右边添加元素。
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @return
*/
public void leftPushAll(String key, String value) {
redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(key, value);
}

/**
* 向左边批量添加参数元素。
*
* @param key
* @param values
* @return
*/
public void rightPushAll(String key, String… values) {
//redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPushAll(key,\”w\”,\”x\”,\”y\”);
redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushAll(key, values);
}

/**
* 向已存在的集合中添加元素。
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @return
*/
public void rightPushIfPresent(String key, Object value) {
redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushIfPresent(key, value);
}

/**
* 向已存在的集合中添加元素。
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public long listLength(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().size(key);
}

/**
* 移除集合中的左边第一个元素。
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public void leftPop(String key) {
redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop(key);
}

/**
* 移除集合中左边的元素在等待的时间里，如果超过等待的时间仍没有元素则退出。
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public void leftPop(String key, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop(key, timeout, unit);
}

/**
* 移除集合中右边的元素。
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public void rightPop(String key) {
redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop(key);
}

/**
* 移除集合中右边的元素在等待的时间里，如果超过等待的时间仍没有元素则退出。
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public void rightPop(String key, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop(key, timeout, unit);
}
}
// 在需要的类中引用
@Resource
private RedisUtils redisUtils;
// 然后在需要的地方使用
redisUtils.set(phone, phoneCode, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

（4）python redis

# redis-py库 pip install redis
import redis

# 连接到本地运行的Redis服务
redis_client = redis.StrictRedis(host=\’192.168.0.231\’, port=6379, db=0)

# 或者使用连接池来管理多个连接
pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host=\’192.168.0.231\’, port=6379, db=0)
redis_client = redis.StrictRedis(connection_pool=pool)

# 测试连接
redis_client.set(\’test_key\’, \’100\’)
value = redis_client.get(\’test_key\’)
print(value) # 应该输出 b\’100\’

（5）go redis

/*使用go-redis/redis包 安装go-redis/redis包*/

go get github.com/redis/go-redis/v9
/*Go代码连接到Redis服务器：*/
package main
import (
\”context\”
\”fmt\”
\”github.com/redis/go-redis/v9\”
)
func main() {
// 创建Redis客户端
rdb := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
Addr: \”192.168.0.231:6379\”, // Redis服务器地址
Password: \”123456\”, // 密码，没有则留空
DB: 0, // 使用默认DB
})
ctx := context.Background()
// 设置键值
err := rdb.Set(ctx, \”test_key\”, \”test_value\”, 0).Err()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// 获取键值
val, err := rdb.Get(ctx, \”test_key\”).Result()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(\”key\”, val) // 输出: key value
// 关闭客户端连接
err = rdb.Close()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}

github 代码例子：

go:
https://github.com/czh-cai/go_redis.git

python:
https://github.com/czh-cai/python_ms_redis.git

java:
https://github.com/czh-cai/redis_ms_redission.git

#以上关于redis的相关内容来源网络仅供参考，相关信息请以官方公告为准！